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Sohn Conference Foundation · · 16 分钟

Jonathan Lennon 在 Sohn 2025 推介 National Vision Holdings

Jonathan Lennon

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TL;DR
  • Jonathan Lennon 对 National Vision(America's Best、Eyeglass World)的投资推介是一项做多论点:公司拥有1,200家门店、约20亿美元收入、15亿美元市值,收入中60%来自现金支付的无保险客户,40%来自管理式医疗客户。 他表示:「这里的回报可能达到3倍,而下行风险相当有限。」National Vision 盈利高于正常水平时,他所在的公司曾小幅做空;股价从60美元跌至16美元后,公司过去几个月持续建仓,如今已成为最大股东之一。
  • 第一条论点是美国眼镜40年来形成的2-3年更换周期——这一周期曾被新冠刺激政策提前透支,尤其是在低收入消费者中,如今正在重新显现。 行业增速在2021年达到21%,随后在2022年和2023年崩塌。一组持续跟踪4年的非上市竞争对手,其数据与National Vision收入的R²接近100%,并在第4季度、尤其是第1季度出现拐点;相关性较低但仍有参考价值的信用卡数据,也显示交易量在第1季度、尤其是第2季度出现拐点。若当前交易量延续,将历史倍数套用到当前EBIT水平,意味着按2026年预期计算,股价未来1年几乎可以翻倍。
  • 更具吸引力的第二条论点是管理式医疗变现:National Vision以90美元的平均售价销售产品,而平均保险公司最高可覆盖155美元,由此形成一笔「白捡的钱」——「简单到穴居人都能做」。 假设增量利润率为55%,拿下65美元售价空间的一半,EBITDA大致可以在当前市场一致预期基础上翻倍;在门店已有验光师的情况下,青光眼检查的增量成本几乎为零,利润率「接近100%」。
  • 新任总裁Alex Wilks于去年8月加入,一位与EssilorLuxottica有关联的行业人士告诉Lennon,管理式医疗机会巨大。 两个月后,信用卡数据显示,高收入客群的平均客单价出现约1,000个基点的拐点。实地调研包括走访64家门店和38次访谈,发现公司仍处于培训销售员工和门店经理的早期阶段;许多访谈对象表示:「业绩势如破竹。」一家最大型保险公司的COO尽管很可能对这一机会存在偏见,仍表示National Vision以60美元销售眼镜,而保险公司愿意覆盖最高150美元。Lennon保守估算这一机会可带来9,000万美元EBITDA、对应每股48美元价值,以及超过150%的上行空间。
  • 第三条论点是成本结构:一名知名激进投资者已占据2个董事会席位,公司成立运营降本委员会,两个月前迎来新CFO,并聘请Accenture、设置与降本挂钩的激励机制。 公司利润率仍比新冠前低400个基点,Lennon认为主要原因是SG&A高出1亿美元;他估计至少有4,000万美元EBITDA节省空间。价值桥接从市场一致预期的2026年EBITDA 1.93亿美元延伸至3.5亿美元,按历史13x倍数资本化后,意味着约200%上行空间,即每股55美元。
  • 下行风险则受到战略兴趣和逆周期性的缓冲:过去10年行业内发生过11笔交易,平均交易倍数为14.8x;作为最低价供应商,National Vision在2009年增长17.5%,而行业仅增长2.4%。 关税影响的成本不到10%,且供应端竞争对手同样暴露于关税风险,Lennon认为关税战可能反而带来净利好。若论点兑现且公司最终出售,他认为上行空间将远超200%,约合每股63美元。
摘要 · 为研究而整理的核心内容

1. 从做空转为做多:一家好公司的股价跌过了头

  • Lennon开场回顾了Bill Ackman在2010年Sohn大会上关于GGP的推介,称那是其职业生涯中「具有开创性、令人振奋的时刻」,并开玩笑说:「我保证不会向各位推介Herbalife。」随后他介绍了投资框架:National Vision受刺激政策驱动的需求影响,盈利高于正常水平,因此他的公司曾小幅做空,认为这是一门好生意但短期赚得过多。股价从60美元跌至16美元后,公司判断市场可能跌过了头,股价中或许有每股30美元的价值。此后,公司持续大举建仓,成为最大股东之一。
  • National Vision旗下主要品牌是America's Best和Eyeglass World:拥有1,200家门店、约20亿美元收入,市值为15亿美元。收入中60%来自现金支付的无保险客户,40%来自管理式医疗客户,这一结构是整个投资论点的核心。

2. 更换周期正在重现,数据几乎完美

  • 40年的美国数据表明,人们通常每2-3年更换一次眼镜。新冠刺激政策,尤其是面向低收入消费者的刺激,提前透支了需求;行业在2021年增长21%,随后于2022年和2023年崩塌,EBITDA和估值倍数也随之从历史上的14x EBITDA一路跌至就在几周前的6x。
  • Lennon所谓的「人工回测」,是一组持续跟踪的非上市竞争对手样本。过去4年,这组样本与National Vision收入的R²接近100%,方向一致性基本达到100%。样本在第4季度、尤其是第1季度开始出现拐点。信用卡数据与非上市竞争对手样本的相关性较低,但仍有参考价值,显示交易量在第1季度、尤其是第2季度出现拐点。团队还访谈了25位行业人士,并聘请了3名前National Vision C级管理者。
  • 如果当前交易量延续,将历史倍数套用到当前EBIT水平,意味着按2026年预期计算,股价未来1年几乎可以翻倍。

3. 管理式医疗是「白捡的钱」,Alex Wilks 已经在兑现

  • National Vision的低价定位吸引了高收入、有保险客户,但公司过去并未重点服务这类人群。其平均售价为90美元,而平均保险公司最高可覆盖155美元。Lennon提出的销售策略包括赠送免费青光眼检查、升级镜片、耐刮镜片或防蓝光镜片。若以55%的增量利润率拿下65美元售价空间的一半,EBITDA大致可以在当前市场一致预期基数上翻倍。在门店已有验光师的情况下,青光眼检查几乎没有增量成本,因此利润率接近100%。
  • 新任总裁Alex Wilks于去年8月加入。Lennon还提到一位与EssilorLuxottica有关联的行业人士,对方称管理式医疗机会巨大,并让他们拭目以待。Wilks加入两个月后,信用卡数据显示,高收入客户——他们更可能拥有保险——的平均客单价出现约1,000个基点的拐点。Lennon称这一相互印证「好得有点不像真的」,因此团队进行了两轮、三轮复核。
  • 证据链还包括该领域最大型保险公司之一的COO。由于客户实际使用更高额度会由保险公司买单,这位高管通常会对这一机会持负面立场,但他表示,National Vision以60美元销售眼镜,而保险公司愿意覆盖最高150美元。团队还走访了64家门店,并进行了38次深度电话访谈,发现公司仍处于培训销售员工和门店经理的早期阶段。许多访谈对象表示:「业绩势如破竹」("We're blowing the doors off"),销售屡创纪录。Lennon保守估算这一机会可带来9,000万美元EBITDA,落地并按估值资本化后对应每股48美元,以及超过150%的上行空间。

4. 成本、价值桥接与下行缓冲

  • 一名知名激进投资者、拥有2个董事会席位,从多个角度推动运营改善。National Vision成立专注运营的降本委员会,两个月前任命新CFO,并聘请Accenture、设置降本激励。公司利润率仍比新冠前低400个基点,Lennon认为主要原因是尽管门店数量增长不大,SG&A却高出1亿美元。他估计至少有4,000万美元EBITDA节省空间。
  • 完整的价值桥接从市场一致预期的2026年EBITDA 1.93亿美元出发,经由3个论点驱动因素,最终达到3.5亿美元,比一致预期高80%。按历史13x EBITDA倍数计算,意味着约200%的上行空间,即每股55美元。
  • 下行缓冲包括战略兴趣:过去10年行业内发生过11笔交易,平均收购倍数为14.8x,参与方包括KKR、EssilorLuxottica和Goldman Sachs等。若论点兑现且National Vision最终出售,Lennon认为上行空间将远超200%,约合每股63美元。
  • 公司还往往能在经济下行期夺取市场份额,因为它是最低价供应商:2009年National Vision增长17.5%,而行业增速仅为2.4%。当人们失业、失去保险时,仍然需要看清东西并更换眼镜,因此National Vision可以趁机抢占份额。受关税影响的成本不到10%;由于供应端竞争对手同样暴露于关税风险,Lennon认为关税战可能反而改善公司的竞争地位。他最后表示,这只股票可能成为「彻底的火箭股」("a total rocket ship")。
Jonathan Lennon

All right, David Rosen went out of his way to try to make me as nervous as possible in the back there. I love him. First of all, I appreciate being here. This is a cause that affects all of us. I’m the son of a mother who’s a cancer survivor twice over, and it means a lot. She’s here, incidentally, probably about to root for me like this is a Little League baseball game somewhere in the middle there.

The other reason this is meaningful to me is that I don’t really do these things. I came once to the Ira Sohn Conference in 2010. I saw Bill Ackman pitch GGP, which was kind of a seminal, inspirational moment in my career. I’ve contacted him many times since and never got a response. So, Bill, if you’re out there, now that I’ve made it to the stage 15 years later, give me a look, man. I promise not to pitch you Herbalife, at least.

1. The National Vision Thesis

We’re pitching National Vision on the long side here. My team put this together. It’s a little cutesy for my taste, but there’s a little pun and a play on words all together in one there. The point being, there’s a bunch of noise that we think we can help people see through.

Just quickly, some background on us as a firm: We’re a private and public equity partnership. We have a public equity long/short fund, a private equity drawdown structure, and then a multimanager, essentially talent-incubation platform.

Without further ado, you might not know National Vision, but you’d know their 2 biggest banners, which are America’s Best and Eyeglass World. They have 1,200 stores, roughly $2 billion in revenue, and a $1.5 billion market cap. Probably the most meaningful thing to point out now is that 60% of the revenue comes from a cash-pay, uninsured customer, and 40% from a managed-care customer. That customer segmentation is a big part of our thesis, which I’ll come back to.

There are really 3 simple drivers to why we’re so excited about this one. The first is that there’s a very meaningful industry inflection occurring right now in transaction volumes that we think will reinstantiate a replacement cycle that’s been very consistent for a long time, but that COVID disrupted. The second piece is that new management is driving managed-care monetization. The third is that there’s a tremendous cost-structure opportunity in aggregate.

We think that can get you to essentially—this isn’t going to be a 30-bagger like Ackman’s GGP, but we do think you can get 3 times your money here with pretty limited downside. I’ll walk through how we get there over the course of the presentation.

2. The Replacement Cycle Returns

This is that replacement cycle. There are 40 years of data showing that every 2 to 3 years in the U.S., people tend to replace their eyeglasses. COVID basically led to especially low-income consumers having excess stimulus in their pockets. It pulled forward a lot of demand. Folks who maybe only had a lens or a pair of glasses for a year might have upgraded with stimulus money.

So, the industry grew 21% in 2021 and then, essentially due to that pull-forward, collapsed in 2022 and 2023. Honestly speaking, we were marginally short the stock at the time, thinking it was a great business but that they were just overearning. When the stock went from $60 to $16 over that sequential period of time, we said, “Look, the law of markets is that things may overshoot to the downside.” We thought there was probably $30 of value in the shares.

What we started doing was tracking a cohort of private competitors. We only had 4 or so quarters of data and noticed that they basically had 100% directional consistency with National Vision’s revenue itself, so we could monitor it very closely intra-quarter. We were patient and waiting, essentially, for some moment when that replacement cycle would reinstantiate itself.

When it didn’t happen by 2024, not only did EBITDA essentially collapse, but so did the multiple. It historically traded at 14 times EBITDA. As recently as the last few weeks, it was trading at 6 times EBITDA. This is just an illustrative example of 1 competitor we track. It shows that, essentially, in the 4th quarter and especially the 1st quarter, the replacement cycle started to reinstantiate itself.

At this point, we have 4 years’ worth of data showing that this private—we call it a human backtest—cohort’s data is essentially near-100% R-squared with the company’s own revenue. Because they’re private competitors, we want to triangulate that with credit-card data, which has a lower correlation than the private cohort but is still very meaningful. In Q1, and especially Q2, it’s showing a very meaningful inflection in transactions for National Vision, reverting toward that historical norm.

The final piece of the puzzle for us is always kicking the tires with industry executives. We’ve talked to 25 industry leaders. Most importantly, I think, we’ve retained 3 former C-level managers of National Vision to understand this industry replacement cycle. Through those means, we have an overwhelming stack of evidence that the cycle is reestablishing itself.

If we were to assume the transaction volume we’re seeing right now continues, and just put the historical multiple that the company has traded at on the current EBIT stream, we’d get to almost a double in the stock price over the next year. We’re not looking 5 years forward. These are 2026 estimates. This element of the thesis is compelling in and of itself.

3. Managed Care Drives Upside

What is far more compelling to us is the second tranche of our thesis. The company has been leaving money on the table for a long time by not monetizing its managed-care customer. Let me explain what that means.

These guys have been a value-oriented player in the space. Naturally speaking, a low-income consumer that doesn’t have insurance is likely to be attracted to that value offering. But they’ve naturally attracted higher-income consumers who are just looking for value and who often have insurance. They haven’t catered to that customer.

They currently have an average ASP of $90. Assume that’s a pair of glasses with some add-on. The average insurance company will cover up to $155. So, they can literally, we think, just teach sales associates to tell customers that they can get a free glaucoma test, an upgraded pair of lenses, scratch-resistant lenses, or blue-blocker lenses, and it’s all covered. Found money. We say internally, “It’s so easy a caveman could do it.”

That hypothetical opportunity is $65 in ASP. We’re assuming here a 55% incremental margin and that they realize half of that ASP increase through putting in place these very simple sales tactics. That would get us to essentially doubling EBITDA from where consensus is right now, and we think that’s conservative. For example, if you do a glaucoma test in an optometry center, you’ve got an optometrist on staff, so there’s zero incremental cost. It’s closer to 100% margin. In a more bullish case, they could double EBITDA.

Here’s what we’re most into as a firm: observability. They hired a new president in August of last year, Alex Wilks. We have a value-added LP relationship that, indirectly, enables us to talk to the patriarch of the optometry industry, EssilorLuxottica. He worked there in the past, and they spoke very highly of him. He said, “Hey, you’re right. This managed-care opportunity is a huge deal. Just watch what happens.”

Alternative data doesn’t usually corroborate a thesis this perfectly, but he joined the company in August. What we did here was take credit-card data and break out cohorts of higher-income customers who are more likely to have insurance. What this shows is that 2 months after he joined, there was just a massive inflection in average ticket—basically 1,000 basis points. So, we knew something was happening.

It was kind of too good to be true, and we wanted to double- and triple-check it. We also talked to some of these industry leaders. We found the COO of 1 of the largest insurers in the space, who would generally be biased against this opportunity because if people start to fulfill a $150 allowance for insurance, that’s coming out of his pocket.

This is a quote from that insurance executive, literally saying that they’re selling glasses for $60 and that they’d happily cover up to $150. Finally, we got a research associate and a bunch of our interns to visit 64 stores in the company’s 4 major markets, among others, in person. We conducted 38 in-depth telephonic interviews as well to understand that they’re now in the early innings of training all these sales associates and store managers how to monetize this customer.

A massive number of those calls said things like, “We’re blowing the doors off. We’re exceeding expectations. This is a record sales month or week for us.” Once you put that in place and capitalize it, we’re conservatively outlining a $90 million EBITDA opportunity. You get to over 150% upside, or $48 a share.

4. The Cost Structure Opportunity

That’s not all. The final piece to this is that there’s a cost-structure opportunity as well. There’s a well-known activist that’s known for operational turnarounds. They’ve really attacked this from 360 degrees. They have 2 board seats now. The company created an operationally focused, essentially cost-cutting committee, and management put in place, just 2 months ago, a new CFO who’s much more focused on the cost structure.

He kind of redoubled his commitment to that in our conversations with him as recently as last week. The company also hired Accenture, a third-party expert, to go ahead and basically be incentivized to cut costs. So that all makes sense.

Practically speaking, they also have margins that are 400 basis points below pre-COVID levels. We think that’s largely from SG&A being $100 million higher. The company hasn’t grown units that much, so we think they can get at least $40 million of EBITDA savings. We’ve triangulated that with vendor contacts and some of the other research advisors we put in place.

5. The Valuation Bridge

All in, this is where we get to. I myself would—no offense to the Sohn committee—say that PowerPoint presentations are generally better used as toilet paper than for communications. But this slide I would actually pay attention to. It essentially shows you the bridge from consensus 2026 EBITDA of $193 million, through the 3 thesis drivers, to $350 million, which is 80% above consensus estimates. Capitalized at their historical 13-times EBITDA multiple, that would get us to almost 200% upside, or $55 per share.

6. The Downside Has Protection

The final thing I’ll say is that while we love the massive upside to this investment, I think there are some real downside mitigants, too. One is that this is a space that is very strategically interesting to folks. There have been 11 transactions in the past 10 years. You can see here that the average multiple at which businesses were acquired was 14.8, almost 15 times.

Household names like KKR, EssilorLuxottica, and Goldman Sachs have been involved. To the extent we’re right on our thesis and these guys were to sell themselves, you can get to well north of 200% upside, and closer to $63 per share. The only other shout-out I will give is to Jefferies, as an investment bank, on a non-fee-paying basis.

The head of their consumer group has done almost all of those deals and had, I’d say, industry knowledge as well as access to many operators. It was very helpful to us in navigating the space. So bankers are worth their salt for once.

The other thing is that we really mitigate downside here by winning in a procyclical or countercyclical environment. This chart is very emblematic of that. You can see that even in the doldrums of 2009, these guys actually accelerated growth, growing 17.5% versus the industry at 2.4%.

The general reason behind that is because they’re the lowest-price offering. When people lose their jobs and don’t have insurance, they obviously want to be able to see. They need to get glasses replaced, and these guys tend to take share. So again, I think in a countercyclical environment, we win. We win here, too.

The last thing—which, I guess, in the last 2 days people don’t care about anymore, but with 1 tweet they will care again—is that these guys have very limited tariff exposure. This is from their 10-K: less than 10% of their costs are subject to tariffs. They also have competitors on the supply side that would be subject to tariffs, so we actually think a tariff war would probably be a net benefit to the company’s competitive position.

All that said, we’ve accumulated a large position. We’re 1 of the largest shareholders, quietly, over the past few months. We think this thing can be a total rocket ship, and join us. Thank you.

Jonathan Lennon 在 Sohn 2025 推介 National Vision Holdings — 文字稿与摘要 | BidClub