探访 Bridgit Mendler 在 Northwood 新建的185,000平方英尺太空工厂
- Northwood 正在 El Segundo 建设一座工厂,Mendler 称其面积为180,000平方英尺(Molly 后来称为185,000平方英尺),用于量产 Prism 和 Portal 地面天线——“数百部天线正在生产”。 Molly 提到 Northwood 已从 Founders Fund、137 Ventures、Alpine 和 Washington Harbor 筹得超过1.36亿美元,提及1月或2月宣布的一轮1亿美元融资,并称2026年将有5个站点。Mendler 押注地面段是太空经济中建设最不足的一层。
- 核心论点是:地面段是太空领域被忽视的瓶颈。 政府分别采购航天器和地面系统,“地面段只是事后才想到的环节”;商业地面基础设施的供应商、站点运营商和拼接式软件组成的链条“并没有真正做好响应准备”,大量网络基础设施“自1990年代以来就没有被触动过”。Northwood 的应对方案,是由一家全栈公司覆盖天线、电气工程、数字信号处理、站点部署、各国许可和软件。
- 一份近5,000万美元的 Space Force Satellite Control Network 合同,被明确定位为“我们的试用期”,也是“更大合作的催化剂”。 动态机动的航天器在连接与控制上“基本没有解决方案”;Northwood 已完成多个里程碑,而 Mendler 表示,关于项目后续扩展和使用情况,她“可能不便在官方层面多谈”。
- 商业切入点,是为重视可靠性的通信和地球观测运营商压缩成本与交付时间。 客户有时会维持相当于正常需求3倍的地面容量,并提前18个月规划基础设施;如果能压缩这些负担,就能为买方创造应对需求峰值的弹性——她举了世界杯的例子——满足那些比“SpaceX 驱动的架构”需要更高可靠性和灵活性的客户。
- 供应链策略反常规:跳过航天级零部件,转而“聘请能想办法重构蜂窝双工器的顶尖工程师”。 Northwood 称已用大批量生产的蜂窝通信部件实现航天级性能,并采取务实的垂直整合策略——“只有真正成为时间表痛点的环节,我们才会将其纳入内部”——目前已覆盖机械加工、PCB 组装,以及正在工厂车间建设的电波暗室。
- 面对 SpaceX IPO 带动的热情,Mendler 有意保持克制:“今天是否真的存在一门正在发生的生意?” 在轨算力和 IoT 的热潮“还不是今天的太空,这正是我们建设这些基础设施、为未来做好准备的原因”。她认为投资者不应只是为“一项需要10年才能兑现的愿景”提供资金,并表示“我们不想永远依赖外部融资”。
- 架构选择是:不要巨型抛物面天线,而是采用模块化天线,让 Northwood“成为太空领域的指数”,无论最终哪种太空应用跑通,都能为其提供支持。 安全性上,Northwood 采用软件优先的防护措施,力求让任何人“基本不可能”向本地系统写入内容或篡改站点硬件;同时借鉴 SpaceX 式的多点铺开,分散部署的站点即使单个站点宕机——包括飓风摧毁当地设施——也能维持业务连续性。
1. 地面段是太空的被遗忘环节——也是 Northwood 的起点
- Mendler 对地面站的 TL;DR 是:无论是地球成像、通信、Wi-Fi 或蜂窝网络接入,还是航天器动态移动所涉及的“太空机动应用场景”,每项任务都需要数据在地球与太空之间双向流动;但“如今地面基础设施的能力和规模,远不足以支撑未来太空任务的需求”。Northwood 正在应对的,是与发射和航天器制造同步增长的规模需求。
- Molly 直指要害:卫星建设进展显而易见,为什么地面端还在积压?Mendler 将问题拆分来看:政府分别采购航天器和地面系统,因此“很长一段时间里,太空系统是主要焦点,地面段只是事后才想到的环节”;商业市场则由供应商、站点运营商和拼接式软件构成一条分散的链条,“并没有真正做好响应准备”,但老牌运营商正规划下一代星座,主权运营商也在加速制造。
- Northwood 的创立洞见是:发射和航天器都在现代化,但“太空的真实经济性呢?你需要发送数据,这才是太空变现的方式”。大量网络基础设施“自1990年代以来就没有被触动过”,真正令人兴奋的是:“如果你能提供这套网络基础,想想会有多少更多参与者能够进入这个市场。”
2. 全栈执行:地面站最终只需要光纤、电力和土地
- 所谓全栈,涵盖天线开发、电气工程、数字信号处理、站点团队,以及面向小型化、可运往任意地点的设计;还包括日本、阿根廷和冰岛等不同国家的法律许可与技术运营,以及统一的软件系统。编排才是关键:“只要其中任何一环掉链子,就会拖累整体方案。”
- 选址被压缩成3个条件:光纤、电力和一块土地。这也是 Northwood 与数据中心共址的原因,后者还能提供现场“smart hands”支持。在此基础上,公司还要把全球覆盖需求与客户用户所在地匹配起来。低于地球同步轨道的卫星会绕地球运行,需要持续保持通信、健康状态和正常运行;英国客户可能也需要在英国部署站点,才能触达本国用户。许可流程“相对容易……大多数国家都对这类业务开放”。
- Molly 提到 Northwood 2026年将有5个站点;随后 Mendler 解释的是选址流程,并没有独立确认这一数字。她表示,自己的动力在于让美国、盟友和商业运营商的更多太空任务“取得成功并成为可能”——“我们能做什么,让一个经济体系得以建立?”
3. 热潮检验:SpaceX IPO 热情与当下收入之间
- 随着 Morgan Stanley、JPMorgan 和 Goldman Sachs 纷纷推介太空经济,Mendler 欢迎人才和投资动能涌入,但坚持财务纪律:“必须把这些拉回商业基本面。今天是否真的存在一门正在发生的生意?”她认为,在轨算力和 IoT 令人兴奋,“但现实是,那还不是今天的太空。这正是我们建设这些基础设施、为未来做好准备的原因”。
- 她也肯定 SpaceX 在较少被讨论的网络侧进展:V3 宣布每艘航天器可实现“每秒1太比特”的吞吐量,并支持了网状网络。“这并不是当下太空领域的主流范式”;目前行业的吞吐量低得多,而面对普遍严苛的可靠性要求,通常只能依靠昂贵的“站点多样性和冗余”。
- 对于 Molly 提到的超过1.36亿美元融资,Mendler 表示,投资伙伴“正在加大风险投入”,但“这不只是为一项需要10年才能兑现的愿景提供资金,而是要证明一门能够年复一年运转的生意……”她补充说:“我们不想永远依赖外部融资。”Prism 正在切入那些希望提升吞吐量、扩大服务客户数量的客户,这应当带来有意义的收入。
- 她推动业务野心逐层叠加的方式是:今天的产品基础,既能为“下一层业务范围”提供技术优势,也能带来足够的客户信任,让她对客户说:“我觉得我们还能做更多,帮助你们做得更多。”最终目标,是在改善太空网络的过程中占据有价值的位置:“这就是把比特转化为美元的方式。”
4. 近5,000万美元 Space Force 合同:试用期与更大合作
- Satellite Control Network 负责 TT&C,即确保航天器按计划机动,并在运行期间保持健康;这与任务数据传输是两套系统。它的重要性来自两方面:发射数量的激增,以及新的任务剖面。Mendler 援引自己在 Molly 的 Impulse 访谈中的说法称,以新方式动态机动的航天器在如何连接和控制方面“基本没有解决方案”。
- 她对这份合同的定位异常坦率:“这是我们的试用期……也是更大合作的催化剂。”Northwood 已完成多个里程碑,验证了系统有效性;她表示,双方还在持续扩大项目并继续使用,“但目前可能不便在官方层面多谈”。
- 针对一条关于黑入 SpaceX 地面站、曾在网上疯传的虚假推文,Northwood 表示会在全栈采取“软件优先”的安全策略,力求让任何人“基本不可能向我们的本地系统写入任何内容,或篡改站点硬件”。同时,公司也“更多借鉴 SpaceX 的做法”,用多点铺开取代客户过去依赖的“围墙和门禁”:分散站点可以在单个站点宕机时维持连续性,即使飓风摧毁整个区域也一样。
5. 商业经济学:削减3x冗余、压缩18个月提前期
- Northwood 的商业客户主要来自通信和地球观测领域,终端客户经常是政府。它服务的是靠数据传输变现、且买方需要比“SpaceX 驱动的架构”更高可靠性和灵活性的运营商,包括专用网络企业,也包括医院——“所有人都在看世界杯时,医院仍必须确保自己的连接不中断”。
- 其成本逻辑是:为了抓住世界杯这类峰值需求带来的收入,或保证服务在线率,运营商有时会维持“相当于正常需求3倍的地面容量”,同时提前18个月规划地面基础设施。如果 Northwood 能同时压缩成本和交付周期,客户就能获得更大的业务弹性,从成本角度看,项目风险也会更低。
- 供应链是最大的运营挑战,Northwood 的应对方式并不传统:“不要采购现成可得的航天级部件,不如聘请真正出色的工程师,想办法重构蜂窝双工器。”公司称已用标准化、大批量生产的蜂窝通信部件实现航天级性能;只有当某个环节“真正成为时间表上的痛点”时,才会将其纳入内部生产。
6. 工厂车间、“太空指数”与 Jobs 式领导力
- 工厂面积的说法并不一致:Mendler 在参观时称其为180,000平方英尺,Molly 后来则称185,000平方英尺。制造车间目前几乎空无一物,只留下前任留下的画作;未来将容纳并行的 Prism 和 Portal 生产线、库存区、组装和测试工位、机械加工车间、PCB 组装线,以及一座电波暗室——大量蓝色尖刺泡沫将隔离天线信号,用于验证。硬件工作需要射频、电气工程和高速数据处理协同完成。任务运营团队将设在继承下来的电影院内,跟踪在线率和可靠性指标;目前这些指标还分散在各个显示器上。
- 为什么不造巨型抛物面天线?答案是规模和灵活性:“我们希望基本上成为太空领域的指数,无论最终哪种太空应用跑通,我们都能为其提供支持。”模块化系统可以通过“各个部分的总和”叠加出 Stanford 抛物面天线所需的性能,同时服务其他任务。
- 除了“Elon 模式”及其在行业内奉为准则的一套做法,她还提到“Steve Jobs 式的运营方式……对工艺和完美的执着”,同时承认其中存在张力:“我有时也会纠结,因为有时候东西就是需要先发出去。”她在领导力上的最大意外,是学会相信自己的直觉:“我一路做出了足够多正确的判断,才能走到今天。”
- 轻松的收尾是:她正在用 Star Wars 养育自己的儿子们;她力荐 Michael Crichton 的《Sphere》——“一个水下 UFO 的情境……我强烈推荐”;至于外星生命,她给出了“无聊的答案,但从统计上看,是的,我觉得外星还有其他生命”。
完整逐字稿
180,000 square feet.
Damn.
This is our manufacturing floor. We will have multiple manufacturing lines for our Prism and Portal products. For both of those, that's going to be hundreds of antennas in production.
Space systems were the major focus for a long time, and ground segment was the afterthought. A lot of networking infrastructure hasn't been touched since the 1990s. What got us excited was that if you could provide that network foundation, think of how many more players could participate.
So you've raised over $136 million from Founders Fund, 137 Ventures, Alpine, Washington Harbor. What do you foresee happening in the next 10 years? Bridgit Mendler, thanks for having us at the new HQ. Your old tenants left you a lot of nice little gifts.
Yep. If you want a hospital aesthetic on your walls, we have a lot of good paintings up for grabs for anyone who wants them.
But you did make away with this amazing NASA astronaut statue.
Yeah. No, this building came with a lot of fun little treasures. There's a NASA astronaut guy and a pool table. The team is advocating for some of the objects around here.
So this is the year of 100s for you.
Yeah.
You recently had a $100 million announcement back in January or February—
Yeah.
—for a new funding round. This is a 185 square foot facility. How big is this?
Thousand, yes.
Okay.
180,000 square feet.
Damn.
Yeah. It's designed to support hundreds of antennas in production, so a lot more antennas are going to a lot more parts of the world and supporting a lot more space traffic.
Amazing.
Yeah.
1. Ground Stations Explained
I guess, for the general audience that does not know what ground stations are, what is the TL;DR—the easy description?
Space missions need to send data into space and back to Earth in order to get any value out of that mission, whether it is taking pictures of the Earth, communicating, delivering Wi-Fi or cellular connectivity, or supporting more of the space mobility use cases where you're commanding a spacecraft that's moving around dynamically in space.
All of that requires some kind of connectivity back to the ground. Today, the state of that ground infrastructure is really lacking in the capacity and volume needed to support the future of space missions. What we're responding to is a big surge in scale that is matching the growth you see both in launch and in spacecraft manufacturing.
2. The Ground Segment Backlog
Why is there such a backlog? It was pretty obvious how many satellites were going to be built, so why didn't the US build out ground stations for this?
I guess it depends on the customer segment. For a government customer segment, they tend to procure their spacecraft and their ground systems separately. Space systems were the major focus for a long time, and ground segment was just the afterthought. People think about what's going up in space, and for a number of programs, the ground was just not really contemplated. They started running into issues, and they were like, "Oh, man, we need to actually account for the ground in our build-out so that we can serve that capacity."
On the commercial operator side, it really is more of a supply chain issue, where you have a bunch of different suppliers, the actual operators of those ground sites, and ultimately the software that's stitched on top of that. For each of those parts of the value chain, it was really challenging, based on that structure, to be responsive to increased spacecraft demand.
As a lot of the operators are looking at launching new constellations, there's this moment of turnover where you have legacy operators with assets that are up in space right now, and they're thinking, "Okay, what does our next generation look like so that we can be a part of this new wave of space?" You have a whole wave of sovereign operators that are increasing their spacecraft manufacturing, so you have a lot of the bus companies that are serving that.
The ground operations need to respond in kind, but that value chain is just not really set up to be responsive. What we're doing is looking across that whole value chain and trying to accomplish it all within one company so that we can actually be responsive to that demand, do it at better cost, make it more flexible, and just generally modernize.
So how are you doing full-stack ground support?
It's a lot of disciplines that you tie into one company. We cover everything from antenna development to electrical work and digital signal processing, all within the hardware that we build.
Then we have a whole sites team, so we actually think about how we manufacture and deploy those antennas, and that incorporates the original design principles of what we build. How can we make things that fit in small form factors and can be shipped to any part of the world? They have to construct really simple versions of sites, so that's a whole different set of disciplines.
You have to think about how you operate in different countries. If you're landing a site in Japan, Argentina, or Iceland—all those wildly different contexts—how can you make sure that the service is legally operating and also technically able to function in those regions? There are all those disciplines.
Then, on top of that, you need to have the software that can tie that all together, both from a user-interface perspective and in terms of networking and making the hardware work. It's a lot of different disciplines that have to come together to make that possible.
I think we really focused on top-of-the-line talent across all of those so that we can execute really effectively and orchestrate it all together, right? Because if any one of those pieces doesn't fall in line, then it impacts the overall offering.
3. Building Global Ground Sites
So you have 5 sites now in 2026. What is it like getting those sites built out, and what kind of regulations do you have to go through?
Putting together a site, you have to think about the base infrastructure that you need. To connect to space, you need to have fiber. That means you need to be able to network back through Earth. You need to have power, so you can actually turn on the devices that you have at the site. Then you need to have a plot of land to put things. We've tried to strip it down to just those 3 things.
We tend to co-locate, optimizing for places that already have those things readily available. Data centers, for example, are really great spots for co-location because they already have that infrastructure in place. They also have smart hands—knowledgeable people on site who can fix things up. That's the first layer of site sourcing: Can you check all 3 of those boxes?
Beyond that, you have to think about what parts of the world you want to serve for your customer base. Our customer base needs to account for global coverage to make sure that its spacecraft can operate. A satellite is moving around the Earth if it's in an orbit lower than geostationary orbit, so you need to make sure that the spacecraft can always be in contact, is turned on, is healthy, and is operating.
You also need to make sure that it can stream data. Where are the users? Where are the customers that you want to make contact with? If you're serving customers in the UK, you want to have a location in the UK where you can make contact with them. That's really the triangulation of locations.
The layer on top of that is: Is it a region where you're going to be able to work with the local government? Fortunately for us, the licensing has been relatively easy to work with in the different regions we've focused on, because most countries are open for business. They want to have more space business.
Once the licensing is checked off, the site is scoped, and you know where your customers are, you've got your ground site.
4. Space Needs Real Businesses
Fun. We've definitely seen, with the SpaceX IPO, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan, and Goldman Sachs, that they all put out these reports on how amazing and how big the space industry is. What kind of downstream effects are you seeing from the mainstream, maybe on hiring or culture, just general education and interest in space?
I think there's definitely increasing interest externally, and I think from the talent base, there's also just the excitement of the momentum that it generates with where the industry is going.
I think both from the investor perspective, there are folks considering space as a real business category. On the talent side, they're seeing it as a place where they can build their career.
I think what's interesting, though, with the space economy is that there's a lot of enthusiasm around the category, but you have to tie that back to business fundamentals. Is there a real business happening today while we are super excited about that future that the SpaceX IPO painted?
I think for us as a company, we are, and we have been since the beginning, very bullish on what kind of data was going to be moving through space. We've been big believers that more and more markets are going to be using space as the medium for transmitting data, and that has proven out.
Now there's enthusiasm around compute use cases, and there's enthusiasm about IoT and other future industries moving to space. But the reality is, that's not space today. That's what we're building all this infrastructure to be ready for.
Today, you need to build off of real businesses that exist. I think for us, we're a pragmatic business. We're very excited about the potential of space, and we appreciate that there is public sentiment and excitement about space, but we're also making sure that we're building real business today so that we can rely on our own business going forward.
What I love about coming and doing these factory tours, even when they're pre-built—
Yeah.
—you can see all the different stations and the people who work at them, and they're all very intentional jobs. They're very clear-cut jobs. They're durable, and you build careers with them and that kind of thing. Whereas you can go into software companies and everyone kind of looks the same.
Yeah, yeah.
But everybody at these manufacturing and factory jobs has a role, and they're all different.
Mm-hmm.
So what do you see from your employees about the excitement around those roles, and what are you hiring for?
The excitement of more hardware-based roles?
Yeah.
Yeah. I think there's a lot of excitement around hardware-based roles. As I mentioned, we have a huge variety in the kinds of roles that we're hiring for.
I think folks are seeing that the cool thing about the hardware that we make is that it's the intersection of a lot of different disciplines. If you have a curious person, they like to know that there's going to be some integration between RF, EE, high-speed data processing, and all of that within the same system.
While they're figuring out their piece of the puzzle, they actually have to think about a lot of other disciplines at the same time. If you like hard problems, it's a really juicy place to dig in.
When we were walking through the main HQ area, there was this really interesting room that—
Yeah.
—you guys are going to build out. So what's going on in that room?
Part of it is that you inherit the building that you have. I don't know that we would've built out a movie theater ourselves, to be honest. But I think the cool thing, as a ground company, is that you do need to have a form of mission ops.
We're going to be running mission ops out of what used to be a movie theater. I think that'll be a fun piece of the building to figure out.
Cool. And you're going to watch all the launches out of there.
Exactly. I think the thing for ground networks is that we're making sure that all of these diverse space missions are staying online. Being able to track those missions staying online is a key part of our business.
Today we have a bunch of monitors just thrown up in different areas around our existing facility, tracking uptime and other reliability metrics. We're just going to have to continue to track those metrics.
Especially for our customer base, what we have focused on as a business is the customers that really care about reliability. They care about flexibility and being able to allocate capacity where it's needed around the world.
Being able to track and measure that is core to us doing our job well.
5. Government Ground Networks
Northwood recently won a nearly $50 million government contract.
Yeah.
What does that contract go toward?
That contract goes toward a program called the Satellite Control Network, which is a network that is a pool of different space missions.
The way that the government has historically thought about how they manage all their spacecraft is that they break out the functions. On what they call the TT&C side, which is making sure that the spacecraft is moving where it needs to go and is healthy through all the different stages of its operations, that's the Satellite Control Network.
The actual data for that mission—let's say it's an imagery or a comms-in-the-field use case—is handled separately.
The Satellite Control Network side is really important for 2 reasons. 1, because there are so many more spacecraft launching that they need to make sure that they can be in contact with those spacecraft at all times.
The other piece is that those spacecraft are doing different things. I heard you talk with the Impulse team, for example. All of those use cases where spacecraft are moving dynamically around in new ways in the space environment basically don't have a solution for how to connect and control those spacecraft.
When we tie back to how you succeed at doing your mission—how you make sure you can actually do things in space—that really ties back to the networking. That's what the Satellite Control Network use case is for us, and it was the beginning of a partnership with the Space Force in doing that.
It's our trial period. It's us demonstrating that our system works and that we're able to do all the things we said we were able to do. That's the catalyst for a larger engagement for those services.
I think we're very happy with how that program has progressed, both in terms of how they've continued to expand and use it—which I probably can't speak too much officially to right now—but also, I think we've been able to knock out a number of those milestones, which is great for validating our system.
So there are about 15,000 to 16,000 satellites up in space, from LEO to MEO to GEO.
Yeah.
And what's crazy is that around 11,000 of those are just Starlink satellites.
Totally. Yeah.
But there's a component to this which is national security. There was a viral tweet that went out, and it was completely fake. I tried to tell you about this, and you were like—
Oh, yeah, yeah.
—“Oh, shit.” There was a viral tweet that went out about hacking—
Yeah.
—Elon's SpaceX ground stations and about the sensitive data and interception there. How do you think about security and privacy, and national security when it comes to ground stations? How are you fortifying both the physical side of this and the software side of this?
Yeah, no, it's a great question, and it's something that we really think about up and down the stack. It's all the way from the networks and the hardware to the software, to make sure that we are making it basically impossible for anyone to write anything to our local systems or tamper with our hardware at a site.
I think we've really taken a software-first approach with a lot of the security stack. We have conversations with customers who have historically really hardened up each of their individual sites. Think of guards and gates and things like that.
We're taking a bit more of the SpaceX approach, where they tend toward proliferation. We have a bunch of sites and that diversity of sites so that, if any one of those sites goes down—not necessarily for some kind of malicious reason, but let's say there's a crazy hurricane that wipes out the area—we can continue to have continuity of coverage.
We think about both being able to have basically no intervention possible at a local site, as well as having a diversity of sites to cover for any site downtime.
I'm sure this has brought you to many crazy places. What is the craziest place that this entire process of building this company has brought you?
I guess the recent one that I went to was Bulgaria for the first time.
Really?
That was fun.
Okay.
I got to hang out with the EnduroSat team and see what they're doing. They're doing such great stuff over there.
6. Northwood Scales Its Ambition
I'm really excited about what some of the countries around the world are producing. I think that was a real motivating purpose for me with this company: I want to see more space missions be successful and be possible within the US, but also within our allies and across a lot of different commercial operators.
Right now, we have some really strong frontrunners, and I think they will continue to be leaders. But what can we do to make it possible to build an economy? That's what I get excited about from the SpaceX IPO: there's more general enthusiasm and adoption for the concept of what the space economy's growth looks like.
For me, founding Northwood, we were looking at the space industry and seeing that there was development in launch and development in spacecraft, but what about the actual economics of space? You need to send data. That is how you monetize space. How is that networking currently being modernized and resolved?
You have SpaceX, which has totally transformed not just the launch side or the spacecraft side, but truly the networking side as well—what they're able to accomplish for sending data through space. I mean, the V3 announcement: a terabit per second per spacecraft. That's incredible that they're able to do that.
Some of the less remarked-upon things are really on more of the networking side of what they've built, like the mesh networks that they've supported. That's really not the paradigm of space today.
With space today, you have much lower throughput and generally challenging reliability requirements, so people tend to solve for that in really expensive ways, like creating a ton of diversity of sites and redundancy, which becomes extremely costly, and a lot of networking infrastructure that hasn't been touched since the 1990s.
What got us excited was that, if you could provide that network foundation, think of how many more players could participate. To date, when we think about the commercial operators that make the most sense to serve, it's those folks that are serving parts of the network where they're moving bits and need those bits to be reliable and flexible. They also, as a company, need to be able to perform at high margins. They need to reduce costs and increase their utilization.
Being able to make more viable businesses by introducing a part of the network—for us, as a starting point, that's ground—can help. Beyond that, we want to continue to support more and more of the networking piece. Being able to introduce cost savings and reduce the time to delivery is a pretty relevant part of making those missions successful and possible.
You've raised over $136 million from Founders Fund, 137 Ventures, Alpine, Washington Harbor. They're a huge name, by the way. They're involved in a lot of these companies down here in El Segundo.
From raising that much capital over time, what do you foresee happening in the next 10 years? Right now, you have a 185,000-square-foot facility. What does the scale-out look like for you in the space industry?
I think that speaks to what I was saying earlier: you want to be a very ambitious business and think in the long term about where the space industry is going and where you envision the set of problems that you can uniquely address and fill. But also, what are the steps to get there?
I think with investors in space today, and I think it's really the right thing, it's not just about bankrolling a vision that takes 10 years to materialize. It's about how you can demonstrate a business year after year that grows and actually hits compelling revenue figures along the way.
For us, the investor partners have been phenomenal, and they're leaning in on risk, which is a great complement to the customers who are really advocating for the demand. It's meeting those in the middle.
We don't want to be externally funded forever. We want to make sure that we can generate our own revenue and get there.
In starting Northwood, we recognized that the networking component of space was going to be a huge part of delivering value for the space economy. There were a lot of problems to solve there, but the most immediate one that would enable missions to get off the ground was on the ground segment.
That's where we set our focus, and fortunately, that's really proven to be correct. We have resonated with the Space Force customer that we've talked about and have been able to meet some of their urgent needs. When we're talking to them about timelines, there's a ton of urgency around being able to support more spacecraft.
On the Prism side of our product, being able to support customers that are trying to increase the throughput and the number of customers that they can serve has been a great product fit. We found that we're addressing something that is genuinely going to be driving a good amount of revenue for us.
Having those foundational pieces enables us to be more ambitious. Once you have that product foundation that you can build on top of, it creates more compounding, both from a product-development standpoint—what do we know now from the products we've built today that gives us an advantage on the next layer of scope we take on?—and in terms of the proof points, legitimacy, and credibility to go to those customers and say, “I think we can do more to help you guys do more.”
I think that's what ambition looks like for us. There could be really lofty expectations. I think there's a valuable spot if you can improve networking for the space economy; that is how you translate bits into dollars.
In the more immediate term, it's about how you gradually absorb more and more scope and solve more and more significant problems.
What are the main categories of customers that you have on the commercial side?
Largely, I think it comes down to communications and Earth observation customers whose ultimate end customer might be the US government or a sovereign government.
As I mentioned, on the communications side, they're monetizing bits, and the customers buying those bits are the ones that need more reliability and flexibility than maybe a SpaceX-driven architecture provides.
Think about a customer that needs to make sure a certain amount of throughput is always on. They need to make sure that amount of throughput is something they can control. They need to make sure that, if they have some kind of bulky, bursty load to send from point A to point B, they can actually accomplish that.
It could be anything from an enterprise that today is using a private network. There are a ton of businesses that don't use the public internet but use private networks. That falls into the same category.
Or it could be a hospital where they need to make sure that, when everybody is watching the World Cup, they can still maintain their connection. There are a lot of different use cases, both on the government and commercial side, that require that level of reliability and flexibility.
Historically, the way they've solved that from the ground side is with a lot of redundancy. Think about wanting to be able to surge to support a World Cup scenario. If there's a whole bunch of extra customers in an area, they want to be able to capture that revenue. Maybe the satellite can, but maybe they don't have enough ground support for it.
If they wanted to have that surge capacity, it's going to be really expensive for them to support and maintain it all year round. Or, if they're serving a use case where they can't afford to go down, sometimes they'll have 3 times the amount of ground capacity they would otherwise need, just to make sure that it doesn't go down in any scenario.
So all of that translates to a lot more networking on the ground, which today is super expensive and also really long to deliver. Both the cost and the time horizon that they need to address that against—think about 18 months in advance, considering the ground infrastructure they have to provide—are significant. If we can condense that time period and condense the cost, that enables them to have a lot more optionality with the customers that they can serve, and also to have it be a lower-risk endeavor from a cost standpoint.
As critical national and global infrastructure—
Yeah.
What are the biggest challenges that you've faced and had to overcome?
What are the biggest challenges we face, just in general?
Yeah, or building it out—the processes as a growing—
Yeah, yeah.
Company.
Supply chain is one that people mention a lot, and that is definitely the case for us as well. From the get-go, we've been thinking about supply chain: How can we lean on a kind of supply base that is unconventional to space? We took the philosophy of, let's not buy the aerospace-grade components that are readily off the shelf. Let's just hire incredible engineers who can figure out how to reconfigure a cellular diplexer. And so that's been successful thus far. We've been able to make space-grade performance out of standard, high-volume cellular components.
So there's that piece of just targeting parts of the supply chain that are easier to work with. But then there's also: What do you bring in-house? Like a lot of the companies in the area, we've taken that approach as well. I think we've tried to be pragmatic about it, where we don't start with doing everything. We only bring in-house what actually turns into a pain point on the timeline.
At this point, we're doing a fair amount in-house, and we'll continue to do that. That means you need to have the best talent that can actually serve a very wide range of functions, and you need to be able to deliver something that has the performance that you need. We've been able to do that so far.
I always take this on a personal angle for performance, because I think performance is really about who you surround yourself with and who you're inspired by. Maybe it's a mentor.
Yeah.
And so I'm curious for you, who are those people? Is there anybody that you particularly look up to? Maybe it's Elon, maybe it's Gwynne. I don't know.
I think it's helpful to have founders who are a step ahead of you, so you can understand what problems are going to be around the corner. Obviously, Elon has been a huge influence on the industry and set a lot of axioms that companies now abide by. I do think Steve Jobs isn't the name that's mentioned as much anymore. Well, maybe that's an understatement. But I think there's a lot of emphasis on the Elon mode, which I think is true.
But I also think the things that I really relate to—or that I admire and seek to glean from—more of the Steve Jobs mode of operating are just the obsession with craft and perfection. I think that's definitely in the Elon mode as well, but maybe I'm just connecting more to the artistic aspect of it in the Steve Jobs way, because I very much am a perfectionist and I wrestle with that sometimes. Sometimes things just need to get shipped and be done.
But I think there's also a lot of value in just being maniacal about craft and quality. Knowing when to apply each of those is really important.
What was the biggest surprise that you've had growing as a leader or CEO in this space?
Maybe just the trusting-your-gut bit of it. I tend to be the type of person who likes to triple-check everything because of that perfectionist thing. I think being more comfortable with making more gut calls and being like, "I'm here for a reason." I've made enough good judgment calls along the way to be here, and sometimes those gut calls are actually the right ones on the first go.
What are the biggest misconceptions with ground stations? Why aren't you building a very large parabolic dish?
The reason why we've chosen the architecture we've chosen is all about scale and flexibility. We want to be able to produce a lot of units, and we want to make them able to do a lot of things for a wide variety of missions. We're not just serving one customer. We want to basically be an index for space, where whatever use case winds up panning out for space, we're able to support it. That's a pretty unique design factor for us.
If we were trying to build the Stanford dish and the Stanford dish alone, we'd build a giant parabolic that only sits in one place and does one thing. But if we want to accomplish serving the Stanford dish while serving a lot of other things, we probably would build something that's more modular, that could add up in the sum of its parts to the kind of performance that's required for that operation. In the meantime, you can use it for a bunch of other things. That's kind of the economic model we have in mind.
This is a random question, but do you have a favorite sci-fi movie? Every single space or factory tour we've gone on, they're kind of—
Yeah.
Obsessed with sci-fi.
They have a favorite?
Yeah.
We're going through the Star Wars series with my boys, so we're trying to indoctrinate them early. They're so in on it.
Yeah.
That's great. But actually, my favorite sci-fi book—which I don't know if they've made into a movie, and I think they should—is Sphere by Michael Crichton. I'm actually getting somebody else to read it right now, and I'm trying to read it with them as well. I don't want to spoil the plot, but it's basically an underwater UFO situation.
Ooh.
I highly recommend it.
Do you believe in underwater UFOs?
Well, it didn't come about from underwater. It landed there. I hope I'm not giving away spoilers. But do I believe in UFOs? I have the boring answer, but statistically, yes, I feel like there is other life out there. It's just a matter of probabilities that will eventually collide with us in some form.
7. Building The Antenna Factory
This is our manufacturing floor, and there's nothing in here yet, aside from the old paintings over there. What we will have is multiple manufacturing lines for our Prism and Portal products. For both of those, that's going to mean hundreds of antennas in production.
What do you need to have? You need to have a lot of inventory, so there'll be sections for us really just storing the components and making sure that we can have them on hand. There's also going to be a bunch of different fabrication stations and build stations that we have. We'll have testing stations. The floor plan's going to get occupied pretty quickly with all that.
This is huge. As you build this out, there's obviously a lot going on behind us, which will be inventory, antennas, that kind of thing. What is going on over here? These are really interesting, huge bays.
Yeah. When you're scaling up production, you have to think about a couple of different pieces together. You have to think about how to have a resilient supply chain strategy. That factors into more of the infrastructure—the inventory supply. You have to think about how to actually have the production line space to be able to have all of those units run through their assembly process.
You also have to think about what the testing apparatuses are for them. There are going to be things that we're sourcing from inventory, but there are also going to be things that we're building ourselves in-house. We have things come through shipping and receiving over here. We're going to have our antenna production lines running here for multiple product lines, running in parallel side by side. In this back corner over here, you can actually start to see our anechoic—
Oh, yeah.
—chamber starting to get stood up.
Oh my God.
So, yeah, we're going to have our chambers over here for testing. When you're building out antennas, you need to do a couple of different testing processes. You need to do the anechoic chamber, for example, where you test the signals on the antenna to make sure that it can operate as it's expected to.
For people who don't know what an anechoic chamber is—
Yeah.
—can you explain that?
A lot of blue, spiky foam that looks really cool. It protects the integrity of the signals because, believe it or not, where we're standing right now has a bunch of different signals and noise interfering. It basically creates a very isolated environment where you can focus on the performance of that antenna.
Back to what you were asking, over here we're going to have a lot of that inventory supply, and we're also going to have our machining shops. Those are going to be for the components that we're actually building in-house.
Mm-hmm.
When we are building out different antenna feeds, for example, we will build an all-new antenna feed that we then test in the chamber to validate its performance. We're going to be doing PCB assembly as well. Basically, we're bringing in all the different parts of the supply chain that are imposing timeline restrictions and things like that, and we're going to put them here at Northwood so that we can control it, test it, and then assemble it all together.
Cool. Should we walk over there and just show it?
Yeah.
Okay. So we're inside the building.
Yep.
This is all going to get built out.
Correct. A lot of this is going to be office space, but the building came with some fun perks.
Mm-hmm.
Kind of fun perks.
I think the movie theater was in here, right?
Did I pass it?
I think so.
Oh, it is right here. Okay.
It's hidden in here.
Yeah. Oh, “On Air.” It'll always be—
Oh—
—on air. Exactly. Molly's recommendation, and I think this is correct, is that this screen is too small.
The screen's too small.
Um—
Look at the screen.
It's true.
It's tiny.
If you have so many nice lounge chairs, you might as well have floor-to-ceiling, or even ceiling-included, screens.
Yeah.
Just screens everywhere, really simulating satellites overhead, right? You could just have them all—
Well, did you see—
—flying around.
I'm really late to watching this movie, but I just saw Project Hail Mary.
Oh my gosh, yeah. So good.
They have one room where it's a 360—
Yeah.
—kind of screen.
Yeah.
So you could make this whole room—
Oh, for real. Yeah, that's great.
—a screen.
You could.
And simulate—
Being a ground station.
—being a ground station.
If you want to get the vibe for what it feels like to be a ground station, this is where we could take people. They could just get the whole emotional experience of being a ground station.
I think that's pretty fun, putting the screens everywhere. I actually have no idea why they had a movie theater here because they were doing automotive production and stuff, so maybe it was just some guy who wanted to have a—
He could have built a—
—a movie theater—
—a man's den—
Exactly.
—at home—
Yeah.
—so he did it here.
There's also this interesting window back here, which I don't know—
Oh, gosh.
—what it goes to. It's covered in foam. Oh, there's actually—no, it goes this way. There's a room behind the screen if you want to spy on what's going on in here. A lot of possibilities. A lot of possibilities for what we design for here. And a bucket, if anyone wants to take home a bucket. I don't think anyone's going to claim it at this point.
Oh my God. Okay, so maybe we'll see the lobby and the astronaut.
Sounds great.
Awesome.
Watch, it'll come back—
It's really cool—
—and it'll be—
—completely built out—
—totally different vibes. Yeah.
I mean, it's really cool to see how raw the manufacturing facility is, and then you come in here and it's just a full-on—
Yeah.
—office.
Yeah.
It's a nice office. It's built out. It'll obviously be cleaned and that kind of thing, but this is an amazing entrance.
Yeah. This is coming into Northwood. We saw the manufacturing floor side where we're going to be cranking out antennas.
You can see the smokestacks of El Segundo.
Exactly, so you know where you are. Coming off the freeway, seeing the big old Northwood logo, El Segundo smokestacks, echoing lobby, and then you come inside.
We're trying to account for a bunch of people on the manufacturing floor, as well as, like I mentioned, the other disciplines that work at Northwood. There's the regulatory side, the site build-out side, and the software team. A lot of different teams are not on the manufacturing floor as well, but we all get to be together and get the benefit of working close by.
I got the squeaky shoes.
I like the sunlight.
Yeah, this is really pretty.
Yeah.
Maybe look at that.
It's kind of dramatic. If you ever want to intimidate one of your guests, you just walk down this staircase—
—on the way in.
It actually kind of reminds me of that Titanic scene—
Oh, gosh.
—when she's coming down, you know?
I mean, hopefully not—
Yeah.
—in a scary way.
They gave us a pool table, so my son has enjoyed that. And then this was another one of the fun things.
This is the most fun thing.
Yeah.
I thought this was awesome.
Just strike a pose with the NASA guy.
I think we should put this near the entrance.
Exactly. Hold hands. That's our other gift. Again, they had nothing to do with space, but they left us a NASA astronaut.
Everyone loves space. It's great.
Everybody loves space. It's true.
Hopefully there's no one inside of that.
That would be terrifying. Everybody has the LEGO rocket ship thing.
Mm-hmm.
Everybody loves space.
Well, Bridgit, thank you for taking us around Northwood.
Yeah.
I know it got a little bit silly, but you can't tempt me with a scooter.
That's how I like my interviews. I just bombarded you with ground station information. I had to treat you to a little more—
I got distracted. I'm like—
—right after that.
Well, thank you so much.
Yeah.
I'm so excited for the build-out, and we'll be back here in a week to see everybody working.
Yeah. Exactly. All right. Thanks for coming by.
Cool.