gemchanger_ltd

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Ukraine’s campaign has shifted from isolated refinery strikes to coordinated attacks on ports, pipelines, storage, refineries and tankers, with 40–50% of Russian export capacity reportedly offline and 60–70% possible through network effects.Western-made Siemens and Honeywell systems are difficult to replace under sanctions, while Hormuz’s insurance choke point and Iran’s cheap-energy Bitcoin mining could extend the shock, though the scale and positioning remain uncertain.