Byrne Hobart

Andrew Walker × Byrne Hobart

Irwin’s history finds tariffs imposed deadweight loss but often “not that big a deal,” while containerization and integrated intermediate-goods networks make that reassurance an imperfect guide to today.Protection then becomes a slow political attrition contest favoring marginal producers, with Trump’s unusual Republican alignment, presidential discretion, and the unmeasured value of US security and dollar assets leaving modern incidence and durability unresolved.