[BidClub_]
Hard Fork · · 70 min

Tech Grapples With ICE + Casey Tries Clawdbot, a Risky New A.I. Assistant + HatGPT

Kevin RooseCasey Newton

Podcast
TL;DR
  • Tech is no longer adjacent to the Minneapolis ICE confrontation; it is part of the operating stack through surveillance, social distribution and synthetic media. The discussion followed the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti, described as the second fatal shooting of a U.S. citizen by federal agents that month. Sam Altman, Dario Amodei and Tim Cook cautiously criticized events while trying not to provoke the White House, leading Casey Newton to call their statements “about the least that they possibly could.” For investors, the restraint exposes how political dependency now shapes governance and reputational risk at the largest technology companies.
  • Virality has become an input to government policy, not merely a channel for debating it. Casey contrasted earlier online political violence with an administration backed by thousands of federal agents, influencers and agency content teams; a viral daycare-fraud video helped set the Minneapolis operation in motion. His blunt assessment was that X has “basically” become state media and “winning on social media has become almost the entire point.”
  • AI-manipulated evidence creates a “liar’s dividend” that erodes trust even when a specific image is debunked. Circulating media falsely turned Alex Pretti’s phone into a gun, invented detail while supposedly “enhancing” footage and made civil-rights attorney Nikema Levy Armstrong appear to cry; Vice President JD Vance shared the last image after DHS had published the original. The White House response—“The memes will continue”—made the governance problem explicit.
  • Citizen video still constrains official narratives, but only while corroboration remains stronger than fabrication. Casey called Minneapolis “phone-to-phone combat”: protesters document federal agents while the administration brings influencers and warns citizens against filming. Kevin Roose feared that video is no longer canonical proof; Casey was more hopeful because journalists verified the Pretti shooting across multiple angles, the NRA criticized the administration’s portrayal and “maybe the truth survives here.”
  • Moltbot, formerly Clawdbot, demonstrates the personal-agent product thesis before solving either reliability or security. The free, open-source agent runs locally, connects to services and preserves memories in Markdown, but compromising a linked messenger could theoretically expose the whole computer and hidden web instructions can trigger prompt injection. Casey connected email and calendar anyway, obtained a personalized briefing that worked roughly 70% of the time, then watched it fail during the demonstration.
  • The AI adoption divide could become an economic divide, although early-adopter alpha remains unproven outside coding. Kevin contrasted San Francisco users putting “multi-agent Claude swarms in charge of their lives” with institutions still seeking permission to use Copilot in Teams; Andrej Karpathy called Claude Code and Codex his biggest workflow change in two decades, arriving within weeks. Casey’s pushback was that truly useful tools will “sell themselves to the mainstream,” while products perceived mainly as job-replacement machinery will keep meeting rational resistance.
  • The lightning round paired consequential corporate developments with conspicuous narrative theater. Amazon announced 16,000 layoffs after seemingly mistakenly sending a canceled 5:00 a.m. “Project Dawn” invitation; former FTX executive Caroline Ellison was released after about 14 months of a two-year sentence, ahead of a Netflix series called “The Altruists.” An unnamed porn-quitting app leaked users’ ages, masturbation frequency and feelings about pornography. TikTok’s new majority-American U.S. structure began amid an outage and censorship claims both hosts considered more likely technical failure than malice. Apple’s reported AI pin could arrive in 2027, SpaceX was said to be targeting a mid-June IPO around Elon Musk’s birthday and a planetary conjunction, and Steak ’n Shake added $5 million of Bitcoin exposure.
Digest · the substance, structured for research

1. Technology is an active layer of the Minneapolis confrontation

  • Kevin opened from personal proximity: family members in Minneapolis were frightened and some were leaving. The discussion followed the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti, which the hosts described as the second fatal shooting of a U.S. citizen by federal agents that month. The relevant technology story, he argued, encompasses both how industry leaders respond and how digital systems mediate the shootings’ aftermath.

  • Casey identified three layers of infrastructure: surveillance technology used to identify and detain migrants, platforms that turn violence into viral content, and government power deploying both in ways the hosts said America had not previously seen.

  • That combination changes the stakes. This is not simply another moderation controversy; state institutions, private platforms, influencers and citizens are competing to determine what happens, what becomes visible and which account the public believes.

2. CEO dissent is calibrated around the risk of retaliation

  • Sam Altman told OpenAI employees that ICE had gone too far and that loving America includes a duty to resist overreach. Dario Amodei called Minnesota “a horror,” while Tim Cook told Apple employees, “This is a time for de-escalation.”

  • Casey found the Altman and Cook statements especially weak: employee pressure demanded a response, but fear of irritating the White House pushed them toward “about the least that they possibly could.” Kevin dislikes obligatory, insincere corporate speech, yet would not dismiss the political risk involved.

  • That risk became concrete when Anthropic co-founder Chris Olah posted a heartfelt condemnation and Katie Miller recast it as evidence that AI companies encode political bias into their models. Kevin said people willing to speak up were displaying some backbone; Casey’s broader answer was that technology CEOs are “in their own way, heads of state.”

  • A later story made their political proximity literal: roughly 70 VIPs attended a private White House screening of Amazon’s Melania documentary, including Cook, Zoom CEO Eric Yuan, AMD CEO Lisa Su and the New York Stock Exchange’s CEO.

3. Virality has become an operational instrument of state power

  • Casey’s comparison with Charlie Kirk was precise: both stories reward conflict and spectacle, but Kirk did not command the state. The Trump administration has thousands of ICE and other federal agents, so online attention can now accompany coercive power.

  • Kristi Noem previously brought right-wing influencers to an ICE operation in Portland, while the Minneapolis campaign followed a viral video alleging daycare fraud. Casey’s conclusion: “In this very real way, a social platform is setting the president’s policy agenda.”

  • Kevin described X as either actively favoring the administration or allowing manipulated footage, deepfakes and conspiracy theories to circulate unchecked. Casey recalled Kevin’s prediction that X would become state media and judged that “it basically has.”

  • ICE itself reportedly operates like a media brand, with producers, editors, video makers and paid social tools intended to steer the narrative. Casey thought policy objectives increasingly looked secondary: “Winning on social media has become almost the entire point.”

4. Synthetic evidence earns a liar’s dividend from every doubt

  • Images of Alex Pretti were altered to suggest that the phone in his hand was a gun. Another blurry frame was presented as “enhanced,” but Casey’s correction was essential: it “just made a bunch of stuff up” by inventing detail during upscaling.

  • The White House circulated an altered arrest photo that made Nikema Levy Armstrong appear to be sobbing, even though DHS had already released an unaltered version showing otherwise. JD Vance then reposted the fabricated image.

  • Casey invoked the phrase “Nothing is true and everything is possible”: once fabrication is commonplace, authentic evidence also becomes deniable. That “liar’s dividend” spreads distrust beyond any single fake, making the spokesman’s answer—“The memes will continue”—feel chilling rather than flippant.

  • Platform defenses have weakened: Twitter labeled Trump’s 2020 mail-voting misinformation, while X now depends on slower, inconsistent Community Notes. Kevin argued for congressionally mandated, administration-proof labels or watermarks; Casey agreed on consistent rules but warned that platform policy cannot defeat a government willing to fabricate evidence.

5. Phone-to-phone combat still leaves truth recoverable—for now

  • Alex Pretti held a phone when he was shot, and Renee Good’s partner filmed her killing. Governor Tim Walz urged Minnesotans to carry phones to help create “a database of the atrocities against Minnesotans.”

  • DHS officials have framed filming agents as doxing and threatened prosecution. Kevin stressed that filming law enforcement and publishing an on-duty agent’s image or name are not inherently illegal; badges exist precisely to support public accountability.

  • Casey asked whether masked agents fear legally carried guns more than phones capable of connecting their conduct to their identities. The administration also brings its own “phones” through influencers supplied with talking points and ideas for videos, producing direct narrative combat between citizens and the state.

  • Kevin worried that video no longer supplies “one canonical source of truth.” Casey countered that journalists verified the Pretti footage across many angles, broad audiences accepted it and even the NRA rejected the administration’s portrayal; if enough independent views survive, “maybe the truth survives here.”

6. Moltbot bundles useful agency with unresolved attack surfaces

  • Developer Peter Steinberger created Clawdbot—later renamed Moltbot—to explore using Claude Code through WhatsApp and approximate a personal assistant. The open-source agent installs from a terminal command, runs locally and connects to systems, services, AI tools and messaging apps.

  • Its clearest advantage over Claude Code is persistent memory: Moltbot writes memories to Markdown and revisits them, avoiding some context-window compaction. Casey found it better at locating and modifying a project built the previous day.

  • Local operation does not make it safe. A compromised Telegram account could theoretically hand an attacker everything the agent can do, while a webpage’s hidden prompt-injection instructions might redirect it; the prudent architecture is a sandbox with narrow tools and no bank access.

  • Casey disabled Telegram and limited connections he considered non-critical, yet still wired in email and calendar on his laptop—an approach he called “undeniably risky.” The segment’s disclosures were equally explicit: Casey’s boyfriend works at Anthropic, and Kevin’s employer is suing OpenAI, Microsoft and Perplexity.

7. A 70%-reliable personal briefing failed when asked to perform

  • Casey designed a “good morning” briefing containing weather, important email, calendar events and overdue tasks, then personalized it with pro-wrestling pay-per-views, RuPaul’s Drag Race and Thursday summaries of new films, casts and plots.

  • After several days of adjustment, it worked about 70% of the time. During the demonstration it stalled and broke—possibly because Casey had repeatedly tested it that morning—illustrating his daily experience that some intermediate step fails even when the requested workflow sounds straightforward.

  • Vibe coding left him unable to diagnose the machinery: “I have no idea, and I never will.” His expectations moved “very far downward”; after substantial wiring and tinkering, the product could amount to “a very complicated new widget that’s telling me the weather.”

8. The genie interface matters more than the present implementation

  • Moltbot’s appeal is the possibility of replacing discrete applications with “a genie who lived inside your computer,” capable of turning natural-language wishes into software and actions. Casey imagined a good Siri-like version in 2036; Kevin suggested it might arrive sooner.

  • Kevin highlighted an unverified example from user Alex Finn: when unable to reserve through OpenTable, Moltbot reportedly used an ElevenLabs synthetic voice to telephone the restaurant. Kevin would not install the agent himself, but said sustained reliability would make that capability genuinely useful.

  • Casey’s frontier thesis was deliberately double-edged: technology coverage often concerns products that are “directionally correct, way too early, and barely work.” Yet in AI, “stuff that barely works in January might be pretty fricking good by November,” especially if security and agency become native operating-system features.

9. The adoption divide may become a productivity divide

  • Kevin’s viral formulation was a “yawning inside-outside gap”: San Francisco experimenters are “wireheading” with Claude swarms and chatbot-mediated decisions, while schools, nonprofits and large organizations still debate meeting notes, performance reviews and approval for Copilot in Teams.

  • Casey saw a long-predicted diffusion bottleneck. Traditional employers have IT policy; startups install insecure open-source projects immediately. The unanswered question is whether this freedom creates real alpha or merely wasted motion, compromised GitHub accounts and phony crypto coins associated with users’ names.

  • Coding supplies Kevin’s strongest evidence. Andrej Karpathy called Claude Code and Codex “easily the biggest change” to his basic workflow in two decades of programming, happening over a few weeks; Kevin argued that hand-coding without AI already makes developers less competitive and that other fields might follow.

  • Kevin was not prescribing blind adoption—experimentation followed by rejection is acceptable—but feared ignorance could leave workers behind when a reliable “17th version” arrives. Casey replied that empowering tools will sell themselves; resistance remains logical when workers mainly see systems improving at the tasks that currently pay them.

10. Operational fragility accompanied layoffs, platform transfer and AI-risk warnings

  • Amazon announced 16,000 layoffs after seemingly mistakenly sending employees—and then canceling—a calendar invitation for a 5:00 a.m. Pacific event titled “Project Dawn.” The hosts mocked the dystopian name and joked about an AI culprit without claiming one existed.

  • TikTok’s transfer into a U.S. subsidiary with majority-American investors coincided with a data-center outage, zero-view reports and complaints that “Epstein” disappeared from messages; Governor Gavin Newsom announced an investigation. Both hosts urged caution: broken counters and disrupted infrastructure seemed likelier than deliberate anti-ICE censorship.

  • Dario Amodei’s 38-page, 19,000-word essay, The Adolescence of Technology, explored AI’s dangers after the optimism of Machines of Loving Grace. Casey noted that downsides attracted less attention; Kevin thought the risk essay simply matched Amodei’s established position that systems are improving rapidly and their destination remains unknown.

11. Speculative hardware, capital rituals and credentials are outrunning utility

  • Apple is reportedly developing an AirTag-sized AI wearable with multiple cameras, microphones, a speaker and wireless charging, potentially for 2027. The hosts treated it as both Humane-pin vindication and a possible response to OpenAI’s rumored hardware.

  • SpaceX was reportedly considering a mid-June IPO timed to Elon Musk’s birthday and a Jupiter-Venus conjunction, the first in more than three years. Kevin expected a large, investor-friendly offering but wanted the “420, 69” style of corporate theater left behind.

  • Steak ’n Shake added $5 million in notional Bitcoin exposure under its “burger to Bitcoin transformation,” directing Bitcoin sales into a strategic reserve. Kevin preferred that owner Sardar Biglari use the company’s resources to expand its restaurant footprint westward.

  • LinkedIn will let Replit, Lovable, Descript and Relay.app assess proficiency for profile badges, with GitHub and Zapier integrations in development. Casey dismissed a credential for “typing in a box”; Kevin called LinkedIn the “sneaky, first all-AI social network,” where generated posts already dominate his feed.

  • Other HatGPT items included former FTX executive Caroline Ellison’s release from federal custody after about 14 months of a two-year sentence, ahead of a Netflix series called The Altruists; an unnamed porn-quitting app’s exposure of users’ ages, masturbation frequency and feelings about pornography; and the arrest of Alaska student Graham Granger after he ate around 57 AI-assisted gallery images as an anti-AI performance.

Kevin Roose

I’m going monk mode. That’s what I’m calling it.

Casey Newton

Monk mode.

Kevin Roose

I need to finish this book, so I’m locking myself in an Airbnb and writing 14 hours a day.

Casey Newton

So you’re embracing celibacy?

Kevin Roose

No, I’m locking myself in an Airbnb and writing 14 hours a day.

Casey Newton

And now that’s actually the premise of The Shining, the Stephen King novel.

Kevin Roose

Yeah.

Casey Newton

So how is it working out for you?

Kevin Roose

It’s not great.

Casey Newton

Are you seeing any—

Kevin Roose

It’s not great.

Casey Newton

Rivers of blood flowing down the hallways yet?

Kevin Roose

Yes. Red rum. But no, it’s going well. I’m in the home stretch now.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

I can sort of see the light at the end of the tunnel. It’s very nice.

Casey Newton

And tell us about the experience of—

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

I’ve been in similar situations where you sort of look yourself in the mirror, and you’re like, “All right, Newton, shape up.”

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

“Now, time to buckle down. No more visiting your little comfort websites anymore. You actually gotta make the clicky-clacky noise on the keyboard.”

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

Does that actually work for you?

Kevin Roose

Yes, I’ve figured out a productivity stack that works for me. Let me tell you about it.

Casey Newton

Tell us the stack.

Kevin Roose

So I bring my big-ass curved monitor. I sit myself down. I put on my noise-canceling headphones and—

Casey Newton

You have a silent disco.

Kevin Roose

I listen to “Somebody Told Me” by The Killers—

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

—on repeat—

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

—like an infinite loop.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

And I imbibe dangerous quantities of Celsius energy drink, and I write until I fall asleep.

Casey Newton

Now, what is it about The Killers’ “Somebody Told Me”?

Kevin Roose

I don’t know.

Casey Newton

Now, for younger listeners: If you haven’t heard “Somebody Told Me,” it’s a song about how Brandon, the lead singer of The Killers—well, somebody told him that they had a girlfriend who looked like a boyfriend that he had in February—

Kevin Roose

February.

Casey Newton

—of last year.

Kevin Roose

Last year, yeah.

Casey Newton

Yeah, that’s like a code phrase, and it triggers something inside you. It’s like it activates you like a sleeper agent.

Kevin Roose

Yes, exactly. Honestly, here’s the thing. This is a tip that I picked up from Michael Lewis, the famous author. He said that he listens to “Let It Go” from Frozen over and over again while he writes his books.

Casey Newton

In case you don’t know, Michael Lewis is a 5-year-old girl.

Kevin Roose

Yes. And so I thought, “Well, that can’t possibly work.” But it’s true. I tried it out, and it works. It doesn’t matter what the song is. What matters is that it has the right tempo, and after about the seventh time through the song, the words just melt away, and it just becomes white noise, and it puts you in this flow state.

Casey Newton

I can’t wait to repeat this story and tell people that it’s effective, and they’ll say, “Well, how do you know all this?” And I’ll say, “Well, somebody told me.”

I’m Kevin Roose.

I’m Casey Newton.

And this is Hard Fork.

This week, phone-to-phone combat in the streets. We’ll talk about the tech industry’s response to ICE killings in Minneapolis. Then, it’s the reason Mac minis are sold out across San Francisco. We’ll tell you about the sensation now known as Moltbot. And finally, it’s time once again for HatGPT.

1. Tech Confronts ICE

So today, we want to start by turning our attention to Minneapolis and the ongoing confrontation between ICE officers and protesters. Kevin and I have both been horrified by the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti, the second fatal shooting of a U.S. citizen by federal agents this month.

And while we don’t often turn our attention directly to matters of politics and protests on the show, we both believe that the tech industry is playing a role in this story, and that we would be remiss if we did not look at the elements of what is going on in Minneapolis that are ours.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, I’ve been really horrified by what’s been going on in Minneapolis. I have family in Minneapolis. They’re scared. Some of them are leaving. It is a really tense and hard time in American civic life right now.

And I think we should talk today about not just how the big tech companies and their leaders are acting right now, but what role technology itself is playing in some of the reaction to these shootings.

Casey Newton

Yeah, and I think the tech industry is playing a significant role in what is happening right now. It is an infrastructure provider behind many of the key tools that are being used in this fight. I would say primarily a lot of the surveillance tech that ICE is relying on to identify and detain migrants, but also the social platforms, where, once again, we’re seeing violence being turned into content and influencers on both sides trying to make it go viral.

And then you just have the dimension of the fact that there is actually now state power—the government—that is using these tools in ways that we have not seen before in America. So there’s a lot to talk about here.

2. CEOs Face The ICE Test

Kevin Roose

Yeah, so let’s start with the CEOs. At the start of this week, Sam Altman of OpenAI, Dario Amodei of Anthropic, and Tim Cook of Apple each made statements or sent internal memos to their employees lamenting what was going on. These were slightly different in the way they were worded, but they all came after employees at some of these companies had been urging their CEOs to speak up, to say something.

Sam Altman had an internal Slack message to OpenAI employees that said that he had spent some time talking with Trump officials, and he described ICE as going too far. He also said that he thought that part of loving the country is the American duty to push back against overreach.

Dario Amodei also discussed it in a post he made on X, where he called the events in Minnesota a horror. And Tim Cook sent out an internal message to Apple employees saying, quote, “This is a time for de-escalation.” So we’re not seeing the kind of full-throated denunciations that we might have seen with the first Trump presidency from some of these leaders, but they are saying, at least to their own employees, that they are not happy about what’s going on.

Casey Newton

Yeah, and I would say that in several of these cases, we are seeing these CEOs say about the least that they possibly could. You can tell, particularly in the Altman and Cook statements, that they are very afraid of irritating the White House, and at the same time, they’re facing a lot of pressure from their employees to say something. And so I think this represents their best efforts to find a middle path. Personally, I found it a little weak.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, as a general rule, I don’t like when CEOs or other business leaders talk insincerely out of obligation. I think we saw some of that several years ago from the left. I think we saw some of that during the first months of the Trump administration aimed at appeasing the right.

I just don’t like when CEOs talk in ways that are not their own views. In some of these cases, I’m sure these are sincerely held views, but it just seemed to me like, “Why are we doing this?”

Casey Newton

Well, I think the reason that we’re doing this is because these guys are politicians, too. They are, in their own way, heads of state. They represent hundreds of millions of users and giant employee bases, and so they have to get in there and play politics. I’m sure they hate it, but the fact is that in these cases, they have to.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, and I think we should say that it is risky to do this in this current environment. There was a post from Chris Olah, who’s one of the co-founders of Anthropic, who posted a very heartfelt and, I think, sincere message about how horrified he was by what was happening in Minneapolis.

And Katie Miller, the wife of Stephen Miller, the White House adviser, reposted it and basically said, “Look, this is the AI companies. They’re building this bias into their models. If they talk like this, this is how their AI models are gonna talk.”

So there is a cost politically to saying something right now, and so I don’t want to be totally dismissive of the people who are doing that. I think they are displaying some backbone. But as you said, in some of these cases, they’re saying about as little as they could.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

3. Platforms Turn Violence Into Content

Kevin Roose

So, Casey, one of the last times we talked about political violence on the show was after the assassination of Charlie Kirk, when we talked about some of the online commentary and how weaponized it was feeling out there, how these platforms were becoming places full of rage bait and incendiary, provocative content, and how that was bad for us as a society.

I’m curious: Does this feel like another case of that to you, or what are you seeing out there?

Casey Newton

I think there are definitely ways where it’s similar, Kevin.

People are drawn to conflict, and so are social networks, right? This is why Charlie Kirk was so successful in his way: He would create these conflicts by visiting college campuses and staging debates, and those conflicts would then go viral in ways that served him. We're seeing a similar thing here, where the Trump administration uses spectacle as one of its main weapons, and if it can create a crisis that begets a bunch of video, that can serve its interest, too. I think the real difference here is that Charlie Kirk did not have the power of the state behind him, and Trump does, right?

Trump has an army behind him. He has thousands of ICE agents and other federal agents. And so we have just seen, after he returned to power, how various Trump administration officials would bring along influencers and their entourages when they would go about their business. Last year, Kristi Noem brought a bunch of right-wing influencers with her when she visited an ICE operation happening in Portland. And another important thing here, Kevin, is the way that the Minneapolis operation began after a video alleging fraud in daycare centers went viral. So in this very real way, a social platform is setting the president's policy agenda.

Kevin Roose

Mm.

Casey Newton

So that's just very different from the Kirk stuff. The stakes are a lot higher here.

Kevin Roose

Right. I think in a lot of public spaces, what's happening in Minneapolis is not a 50/50 issue. I think it is actually a pretty widely held belief that federal agents should not be shooting protesters in the streets. But on X, you see people defending it. You see people spreading these conspiracy theories. You see people circulating this manipulated footage and these deepfake images that purport to show more of a violent standoff than there was. And it just seems like a platform that has either decided to put its thumb on the scale in favor of the administration and its responses, or where just a lot of this is going on unchecked.

Casey Newton

Yeah, you predicted after Trump won that X was going to become state media, and I think that it basically has. This is where the Trump administration goes to get their policy ideas and to advance whatever operation they're working on at the moment. And so you have just seen, all across X, administration officials making their case that this ICE campaign is justified or necessary.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, and I think another difference between what's going on now and the Charlie Kirk assassination is that the government itself is getting involved in actually producing some of this content. There was a great story by 2 reporters at The Washington Post last year about ICE's media strategy, which was based on a bunch of internal agency documents and messages they got. What I found remarkable about this is that ICE, like some other federal agencies, now essentially has a team of content creators who work at the agency and who are spending every day trying to steer the narrative using the same techniques that a brand or a celebrity would.

They're out there using paid social media tools. They have a team of producers and editors and video makers who are out there making clips. It seems like these agencies are not just thinking that their jobs are enforcing the law. It seems like they are also trying to control the narrative around how they enforce the law.

Casey Newton

And I would say almost to the point where winning on social media has become almost the entire point, right?

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

Like, yes, there are policy objectives here, but in a very real way, they seem secondary to getting the most retweets.

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

Yeah. So that feels new.

4. AI Makes Evidence Untrustworthy

Kevin Roose

Right. So in addition to the government actively working to seize and control the narrative online about these events, we also have the rise of AI tools that are making it very hard for people to know what's real and what's not.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

My colleagues at The New York Times had some reports on the way that AI was being used to alter images of Alex Pretti, the victim of this shooting. One was doctored to make him look like he was pointing a gun at an agent, although it was actually a phone. Another was used to enhance a blurry freeze-frame from a video of this shooting.

Casey Newton

And we should put “enhance” in air quotes, because it didn't actually enhance it. It just made a bunch of stuff up.

Kevin Roose

Right. Exactly. So it was upscaled in a way that introduced some errors into the image. So, Casey, I can't imagine this was surprising to you. We've seen this kind of thing after most major news events in the past couple of years. But did anything stick out to you about the actual media that was being circulated?

Casey Newton

When it comes to online detectives who want to participate in the story of the day, that is not new. That's been going on for well over a decade. But Kevin, the White House released this AI-altered image of a civil rights attorney named Nikema Levy Armstrong, who went to an anti-ICE protest last week and was arrested. In the aftermath of her arrest, the White House put out this image to make her look like she was crying her eyes out, when in fact, she was not.

And it's kind of a weird story, because DHS had already released the original, unaltered image before this altered one came out. But once the one of her crying, which again she wasn't doing, comes out, JD Vance, the vice president, retweets the image. So the thing that this has me thinking about is this phrase that got associated with Russia in the 2010s, which is, “Nothing is true and everything is possible.”

Kevin Roose

Mm.

Casey Newton

And it just referred to the way that Putin and his lieutenants would try to shape a world where you just sort of couldn't trust anything that you were seeing anymore, that the state invested huge resources into just blurring the line between truth and fiction. And if you wanted to know what was really happening, you were just going to have to invest enormous amounts of resources.

And the way that this serves the administration is this concept we've talked about a few times on the show that I love, which is called the liar's dividend. It means that because people know that evidence can be fabricated, no matter what evidence you see now, you're always wondering: Was this maybe fabricated? And that just erodes trust in our society more broadly.

So I think it's hugely irresponsible for the vice president to be sharing these sorts of images. But when the administration has been asked, “What are you doing here? Why are you sharing these obviously doctored images?” a spokesman for the White House just said, “The memes will continue.” Which I honestly found chilling.

Kevin Roose

Yeah. What do you think the platforms should be doing about this? Should they be taking down doctored images? Should they be applying some sort of label? What is the correct response here?

Casey Newton

Well, so I go back to the way that platforms handled this during the first Trump administration, where they were much likelier to act. During the 2020 election, when President Trump was sharing misinformation about mail-in voting ballots, Twitter put a label on his post that directed people to high-quality information about how mail-in voting actually worked.

Now, of course, Twitter doesn't exist. Elon Musk owns X. And if anybody is going to correct anything, it's going to be in this Community Notes feature, which is just this volunteer crowdsourcing effort. And I'm glad that it exists. I'd rather have it than not have it, but of course, it's unpredictable. It doesn't always appear in a timely fashion.

It's my view that platforms have a strong interest in labeling obviously AI-generated content. I think that if you want people to trust your platform, you should take steps to help them understand what they're seeing is real and what is false. But of course, in many cases, they're going to be terrified to do that, because there might be a mean tweet about them.

Kevin Roose

Right. Exactly. And for me, what I've been thinking about is less the platform response and more the AI companies. Obviously, I have AI on the brain permanently. But I think this is actually why these companies should support regulation—

Casey Newton

Mm.

Kevin Roose

—for the technology that they're building. Because right now, they're in this fragile state where they can't really speak up against the administration in very forceful terms without risking some kind of retaliation, some new law, or just a bunch of mean tweets. There are actual political risks to taking a stand on something.

Even if they were to come out now and say, “We're going to apply a label to AI-generated images that are misleading,” or, “We're going to have some kind of watermarking system,” I think some people in the Trump administration would interpret that as a response to what they were doing, and they would get mad about it, right?

Casey Newton

Yeah, they call it censorship.

Kevin Roose

Exactly. So I think this is actually the case for regulation that is passed by Congress, signed into law, and persists across administrations, so that you don't have to operate in this weird limbo where you're trying to do the right thing, but you're scared that the administration will punish you for that. And anything that you do is going to be seen, correctly or not, as a reactive countermeasure, instead of just having 1 set of rules that apply across all administrations.

Casey Newton

I think one set of rules is a great idea. I think we should pursue this. I also think that if you find yourself in a situation where there's a presidential administration that decides it wants to lie about what is happening and is willing to fabricate evidence to support those lies, platform policy is only going to help you so much. I want it to exist. I want to be able to trust in it. I just want to also point out there are limits to it.

Kevin Roose

Exactly.

5. Phone Versus Phone

Casey Newton

I want to talk about this other dynamic here, Kevin, which in my head I've been calling the battle of phone versus phone. Smartphones are playing a central role in this conflict, and while phones have long been a part of protests, I feel we're seeing a direct confrontation between the state and the protesters involving the phone in a way that we haven't quite seen before.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, this stuck out to me too as I was looking at some of the awful videos of the shooting of Alex Pretti. Everyone's holding phones.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

Right? This is now a standard part of any confrontation with law enforcement in this country. If there's anyone around to witness it, there are going to be phones pointed at it. Someone is going to be filming that.

Casey Newton

Absolutely. Alex Pretti was holding a phone when he was shot. Renee Good's partner was filming when Renee was shot. And videos of their killings have spread on social networks, and I think have significantly shifted public opinion against the Trump administration. Governor Tim Walz of Minnesota said, “Carry your phone with you at all times in order to help us create a database of the atrocities against Minnesotans.”

Okay, so this is a dynamic I think we have seen before. You can go all the way back to the Arab Spring and look at the way that people were posting on Twitter images of state violence. Here's the twist, I think: The Trump administration has been doing 2 things. 1, they've been putting pressure on American citizens not to film, right? DHS Secretary Kristi Noem said in a press briefing in July, “Violence is anything that threatens them and their safety, and so it is doxing them. It's videotaping them, where they're at when they're out on operations.”

Also, Tricia McLaughlin, who's the DHS Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, said in a statement, quote, “Videotaping ICE law enforcement and posting photos and videos of them online is doxing our agents. We will prosecute those who illegally harass ICE agents to the fullest extent of the law.” So there's this recognition in the Trump administration that being filmed and having your video put on social media is dangerous to you, and we've started to see a lot of threats against people who are doing this.

Kevin Roose

And we should just say that it is not illegal to film—

Casey Newton

Right.

Kevin Roose

—law enforcement. It is not doxing to post the name or the image of a federal agent who is operating on behalf of the state. These people wear badges, or at least they're supposed to, because we want this sort of public accountability. If they are acting in ways that are illegal or unethical, we want to be able to hold those individuals accountable. But I agree that there's this feeling among certain members of the administration that these phones present a danger.

Casey Newton

Absolutely. And when you consider the fact that all of these ICE agents are just permanently masked when they're out in the world, it makes you wonder, Kevin: What are they more scared of? Is it the guns that some of these protesters may be legally carrying, as Alex Pretti was, or is it the phones that are in their hands? Is it the threat that someone will find out who they are and what they're doing and link it back to their actual identity?

There's this final thing that we're seeing in this phone-versus-phone battle, though, Kevin, and this is where I also think that we're in some new territory: The Trump administration is bringing its own phones to the battle, right? They're bringing along those conservative influencers. They're giving them talking points and ideas for what sorts of videos they might post. There's a long tradition of the government using celebrities and influencers to promote their worldview or various things that they're doing.

But the thing in Minneapolis that just seems really different to me is that it is almost like phone-to-phone combat between Americans, right? You have the protesters who are trying to document what is happening, and you have the administration, which is trying to shoot photos and videos to suggest that these are very effective anti-immigration raids.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, and I think for me the question is what happens when the videos, the artifacts that these phones are producing, themselves become untrustworthy. When, as you mentioned, people were filming the Arab Spring to try to bring accountability to their leaders, and when people started taping their encounters with law enforcement 10 or 15 years ago, it was seen as sort of verifiable proof that what you saw filmed from these cameras was what actually happened.

I don't think we can make that assumption anymore. I think we are no longer in the sort of era of video being proof that something happened, or pictures or any other form of media being proof. I think we have entered this kind of postmodern state where things need to be interpreted in context, and there is no one canonical source of truth.

Casey Newton

That is true, and yet at the same time, I have a more optimistic view of where we are, at least in this moment. Because this particular shooting, the Pretti shooting, was captured from many different angles. Journalists put a lot of work into verifying the videos that were posted. And interestingly, as they spread on social media, there was not a big movement to say, “These videos are fake.” There just wasn't.

Kevin Roose

Hmm.

Casey Newton

And in fact, I think the video of Pretti's killing shocked the conscience of many Americans, some of whom had previously been fully aligned with the Trump administration in these anti-immigration raids, right? We saw the NRA criticize the administration's portrayal of Alex Pretti's killing, which I think really shocked a lot of people.

And so, in a very grim moment, the silver lining for me was that Americans do still trust the video that they are seeing, including the video that's being shared on social media. They are not immediately leaping to, “I am being lied to. This is just sort of manufactured evidence from partisans.”

Now, of course, the question is how long will that state of affairs hold? As AI tools improve, does that bargain sort of break? But I don't know. There's something happening here where if enough people see it, if the video is captured from enough different angles, and if the administration isn't willing to just lie at an ever-greater scale and manufacture ever more evidence to support their version, maybe the truth survives here.

Kevin Roose

Yeah. Well, that's a hopeful note to end this discussion on, and I'm glad we talked about this.

Next up, why Casey is giving over his entire digital identity to an app called MultBot.

Casey, did you watch the Alex Honnold free solo of the Taipei 101 on Netflix?

Casey Newton

I was able to watch about 60 seconds of it—and my palms started sweating so much I thought I was in 8 Mile.

Kevin Roose

Yes. It was very nerve-racking. But speaking of extreme risk-takers, daredevils, people who take their lives into their own hands, I hear you have actually been experimenting with some new technology this week.

6. Casey Installs Moltbot

Casey Newton

I have, Kevin. I have installed Moltbot, formerly known as Clawdbot, onto my laptop, and I've said, “Damn the consequences.”

Kevin Roose

Yes, and this is the AI version of a free solo up Taipei 101. My understanding is this is insane behavior, so please tell me about Clawdbot, which we should say is not affiliated with Anthropic's Claude chatbot.

It is spelled, or was spelled C-L-A-W-D-B-O-T.

Casey Newton

Clawdbot, like a lobster is clawed.

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

It has since changed its name to Moltbot, I guess because of some copyright concerns.

Casey Newton

Well, when lobsters shed their shells, they're molting—and so now the former Clawdbot is Moltbot.

Kevin Roose

Yes. This thing was the talk of the town. Over the past weekend, I saw many, many people who work in tech in San Francisco becoming obsessed with this tool, talking about how it was running their entire lives. I am glad that you experimented with it so that I didn't have to, and now you can tell me about it.

Let's just do our disclosures real quick because we are going to talk about Anthropic and other companies in this.

Casey Newton

My boyfriend works at Anthropic.

Kevin Roose

And I work for The New York Times, which is suing OpenAI, Microsoft, and Perplexity over alleged copyright violations.

Casey Newton

I first saw Clawdbot in a post on MacStories by the great Federico Viticci. Federico, like me, is always ready at the drop of a hat to make some new piece of software his entire personality, and Clawdbot looked like one of those things.

It is a free, open-source personal AI agent that you can run on your computer, plug into various systems, services, and AI tools, and, if all goes according to plan, you will have something resembling a little genie inside your computer who can work for you.

Kevin Roose

So, Casey, who created this bot?

Casey Newton

Moltbot was created by a developer named Peter Steinberger. He has worked on many, many cool, hacky, tinkery projects. You can go to his GitHub and see dozens of projects that he has worked on that are all in this do-it-yourself vein.

He started Clawdbot to scratch his own itch. Basically, he observed that there was no great personal assistant agent yet on the market, and he wondered if he could figure out a way to use Claude Code through WhatsApp. That's how the whole project began.

Kevin Roose

Okay, so you saw this and thought, “I should try this.” How easy or hard was it to set up?

Casey Newton

The setup is pretty easy. If you've installed Claude Code, it will feel quite familiar. You go to the Moltbot website, grab a little one-line piece of code, put it in your terminal, and it will begin the setup process.

Kevin Roose

I saw a lot of people over the weekend talking about how they were buying Mac minis to install this thing, sort of giving it its own computer. What is the deal with that? Why are people doing this on separate computers rather than their main computer?

Casey Newton

When you free-solo a giant skyscraper, Kevin, there is some risk involved with installing an AI agent onto your main machine. A few of the risks I would name are the risk that somebody can just hack into your computer. Moltbot can connect to a messaging app like Telegram. If somebody hacks into your Telegram account, theoretically they could take over your entire computer and do anything on your computer that you could.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, so we should just say, “Don't do this.”

Casey Newton

Don't do this.

Kevin Roose

Do as Casey says, not as he does.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

This is a very bad idea. You like to live on the edge a little bit, or what were you thinking?

Casey Newton

What I was thinking was, first of all, I have disabled the Telegram integration, so I have gotten rid of that particular attack surface, and I'm also being careful—

Kevin Roose

How are you buying your drugs?

Casey Newton

No comment. So anyway, that's one of the risks. You have the prompt-injection attack risk, which is that you will visit a website that has some hidden instructions buried in it, and the agent will see them and follow those instructions. That's very hard to protect against.

Basically, if you're going to use something like this, you would be better off putting it in what they call a sandbox, some sort of contained environment where it only has access to a narrow range of tools and nothing that has access to, for example, your bank account. So that's the right way to do it.

I tried to do it in a way that is undeniably risky, but I've tried to take the precautions I can. I'm only connecting it to services that are not life or death for me. As I'm sure we'll get into, the main thing that I've been doing with Clawdbot is just trying to build a personal daily briefing for myself.

I do not have it working for me as a full-time AI employee who's out browsing the web and doing a bunch of errands on my behalf every day.

Kevin Roose

Right, which is the kind of thing that I saw people experimenting with, or at least posting about, this weekend. We've been talking a lot about agentic AI systems. How is this different? Is it just that it can connect to stuff that Claude Code or Codex or all these other coding tools can't?

Casey Newton

The first thing to say is that, yes, this is a lot like Claude Code or maybe Codex from OpenAI, and you can get a lot of the same benefits out of one of those tools as you can with Clawdbot.

Clawdbot, though, tries to offer a few things to distinguish it. Number 1, it runs locally on your computer. That's important to a lot of people. There are actually ways to restrict the amount of data that it is sending back into the cloud.

Number 2, it has a better memory system than Claude Code does currently. In Claude Code, you're always trying to cram everything into a context window, and often you'll run out of context window. It has to compact the conversation, and you often feel like you're starting from scratch. Claude can't remember what you did yesterday.

What Clawdbot does is write memories to a Markdown file, and then it continuously revisits that. In my experience, it has been a little better at understanding, for example, if you built a tool with it the previous day and you want to make a tweak to it, it knows where to look to find that project and edit it.

That sounds very simple, but it's actually something that Claude Code is very bad at and has frustrated me constantly.

Kevin Roose

If North Korean state hackers are infiltrating your machine and stealing your money, it'll leave them a nice little Markdown file that they can return to the next time they want to steal from you.

Casey Newton

That's right. It'll say, “Here's exactly how to break into the vault.”

Kevin Roose

Okay.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

Okay, good. You're really reassuring me here.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

So give me a sense of what Clawdbot is doing for you. Give me one example of something that it has done that other AI tools have not been able to do.

Casey Newton

Well, again, danger zone, but I wired it up to my email and my calendar—

Kevin Roose

Oh, my God.

Kevin Roose

I didn't know I was—

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

—in the presence of Evel Knievel. You are truly doing the most out here. What happened to you?

Casey Newton

I'm always on the hunt for something interesting to write about. That's the honest answer to that question. I wanted to see if maybe this would be one of those things.

Kevin Roose

As one of my—

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

My mentors used to say, “It'll either be a good time or a good story.”

Casey Newton

There you go. There you go. I would say this is probably more in the realm of good story than good time.

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

I connected it to my email, my calendar, and a few other services, and I thought it would be great if, in the morning, when I visited my Clawdbot and just wrote “good morning,” I would get a nice briefing that would have things like, “Here's the weather. Here are some important emails you should answer. Here are the calendar events that you have coming up today.”

Then I thought, okay, now I want to make it extremely specific to me, right? Because this is maybe where AI can help me get beyond the very basic stuff like email and calendar.

Kevin Roose

Yeah.

Casey Newton

I said, “I want you to tell me whenever there is a new pro-wrestling pay-per-view on TV. I want you to tell me when there's a new episode of RuPaul's Drag Race. Every Thursday, I want you to tell me what movies are coming out this week, who stars in them, and give me a one-sentence synopsis.”

I started typing into the box. I was saying, “Here's what I think the best daily briefing would look like for me.” By hook and by crook, over a handful of days, I got something, Kevin, that works about 70% of the time.

Kevin Roose

This is why you can't buy RAM. Because you need your RuPaul's Drag Race briefing.

Casey Newton

Yeah, it's definitely me and not the 800 data centers that are being built all over the world.

Kevin Roose

I have not seen this in action yet. Can you just show me, or tell me how you actually use this thing?

Casey Newton

I can show it to you. Let's see. I'll open up my Clawdbot here. You'll see this in a browser window, but this is running locally. So let's see.

Kevin Roose

Can I talk to it?

Casey Newton

No, I have it trained on your voice not to respond to anything you say.

Kevin Roose

Okay.

Casey Newton

But I could just type “good morning” in here, and it'll think for a second, and then it'll pull up a briefing.

But you can see that it's a plain beige chat window, nothing fancy. A lot of people are messaging Clawdbot through third-party messaging apps, so there are ways to hook it up to WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, and various other messaging apps. That's very convenient; it means you can easily access it from your phone, but of course, then there's a lot of risk involved.

Kevin Roose

What can it do? Show me one thing it can do.

Casey Newton

Yeah. It's going to pull up the briefing that I've been putting together. You're going to see it come up here. It's going to show you the weather, some emails you might want to look at, and some overdue tasks that you have in your to-do app.

You're also probably noticing that it's taking a really long time. Now I want to say something about this thing that I did. I wanted to be able to get this sort of daily briefing that I've described just by typing the words “good morning” into Clawdbot.

I've already done this a few times this morning as I was testing and preparing for this segment, so that might be why this broke. But I just want to point out that, in this moment, the thing that I built did not work.

One reason why I was excited to talk about Claude Code on a recent episode was that I felt like it had gotten to a point where, if you told Claude Code to do something, it basically would just work. And I am telling you, I do not personally believe, in my own experience, that Clawdbot is yet at that level.

I now run into this every day that I use it, where I will tell it to do something, something will break along the way, and it won't quite work. So what is going on under the hood? Here is the great part of vibe coding: I have no idea, and I never will.

Kevin Roose

Yes. This thing is wild, and I think we should, again, make a little caveat: you should not install this on your machine unless you know what you are doing and are willing to take some risks.

Casey Newton

Put it on your ex-boyfriend's machine. I mean, here's the thing. I entered into this thinking that this might be something really fantastic, a new way that I use my computer, and over the first few days of using it, my expectations have been managed, I would say, very far downward.

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

The security risks, as you mention, are not at all resolved. This is not a safe tool to use for a lot of things. But honestly, in some ways just as important to me, it just does not enable that much new stuff, right?

You can spend a lot of time hacking around, wiring up various services, having that feeling that you're being productive, and then when you look back on it a day later, you're like, “Okay, well, I have a very complicated new widget that's telling me the weather.”

Kevin Roose

So why are people so worked up about this? The way that people were talking about Clawdbot over the weekend, it was like the Rapture had happened and Jesus had come back. So why are people so excited about this?

7. The Clawdbot Future Emerges

Casey Newton

Here's my best guess. I think that Clawdbot is a very compelling vision of the future, right? We have lived in a world where, to do anything, basically since the dawn of personal computing, you've needed a dedicated piece of software that had a discrete set of capabilities.

Clawdbot and AI come along, and they start to chip away at that vision of the world. They say, “What if, instead of having a bunch of apps on your computer, Kevin, there was just a genie who lived inside your computer? And every time you had a wish, you could go to the genie and say, ‘Genie, I wish for you to make me a website.’ And then abracadabra,” to quote Lady Gaga, “it exists.”

That is something that is really interesting. And while it is only barely beginning to become possible, I can imagine what a good version of Siri would look like in the year 2036.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, it may arrive a little sooner than that.

Casey Newton

Maybe.

Kevin Roose

We'll see. But that was my first thought: this is actually the thing that Apple said they were building into Siri.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

It seems like this one random developer has actually gone out and built it. Maybe it doesn't work all the time. Maybe it's got all these risks, but it does feel like people are figuring out how to stitch these tools together.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

I'll tell you about one example of an interaction with Clawdbot that got me thinking, somewhat excitedly and also nervously, about the future. This is a user named Alex Finn who posted this screenshot of his Clawdbot, and he says, “Can you make a reservation for me at this restaurant?”

The bot says, “I can't book directly through OpenTable right now, but if you want me to just call them, I can call and book under your name.” And the bot actually did use a synthetic voice from ElevenLabs to call the restaurant and place this reservation.

So that, to me, was interesting. I have not verified that this example works. I have not tried this on my own machine. I will not be installing this bot because I value my security and my data. But this is the kind of thing where, if it does work in a sustained way, this would actually, I think, be a very useful tool for a lot of people.

Casey Newton

Yeah, and this is honestly just what it is often like to cover technology: you are writing about stuff that is directionally correct, way too early, and barely works.

Kevin Roose

Yes.

Casey Newton

And I think a lot of people's relationship to stuff like that is that they don't want to know about it because it's irrelevant to them. But I think for you and me, it's really important to pay attention to that frontier because it's been our observation, particularly in the AI era, that stuff that barely works in January might be pretty fricking good by November.

So that's why I have my eyes on this one. I think you're seeing it start to capture people's imaginations and say, “Well, what if there was a safe version of this? What if this was just natively part of the operating system? What if I could trust it with all of my personal information? Maybe I would never have to visit OpenTable ever again?”

Kevin Roose

Right? And what a world that would be.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

Casey, I want to talk a little bit about this tweet that I got a lot of heat for over the weekend.

Casey Newton

A heat tweet.

Kevin Roose

A heat tweet. I was sort of watching all this happen—everyone experimenting and tinkering with Clawdbot—and I started feeling like the gap that we are seeing between the people who are early adopters on this stuff is really diverging from the people who are more cautious, who are more skeptical, who really are only using chatbots in the way people were using them in 2023.

I would say people got very mad at me for making this. They thought I was endorsing this early-adoption mindset where you turn over all of your decision-making to an AI chatbot, and you let these Claude swarms run your life. And I guess I'm curious whether you think I was right there or wrong. Do you think there is something notable going on here?

Casey Newton

Well, let's go to the text. Listen, if you ever want to know what gift you can give any man, ask him to read one of his tweets out loud. So, Kevin, why don't you read us this tweet?

Kevin Roose

Okay. I wrote, “I follow AI adoption pretty closely, and I've never seen such a yawning inside-outside gap. People in San Francisco are putting multi-agent Claude swarms in charge of their lives, consulting chatbots before every decision, wireheading to a degree only sci-fi writers dared to imagine. People elsewhere are still trying to get approval to use Copilot in Teams, if they're using AI at all.”

The backstory here is that I had just been meeting with some groups about their AI policy. These are schools, nonprofits, people who want to know: How should we be using this stuff?

I've been struck recently that so much of what people are struggling with is the same as what they were struggling with a couple of years ago. It's: What is my enterprise IT policy about letting people use AI? Should people be allowed to use AI to take notes in meetings or write performance reviews?

These are kind of the institutional rules for the last generation of AI products. And what has really been striking to me is how little people seem to believe that the future and the past are going to look very different from each other.

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

We're heading into something new and strange, something that requires us to shift the way we think about these things.

Casey Newton

So I think that what you're hitting on is a dynamic that has long been predicted among those who say that the diffusion of AI technologies will be slower than the accelerationists think, because it will just run into a lot of institutional roadblocks and bottlenecks along the way.

Here in the real world, we do have IT policies. We do have companies that aren't going to let you install whatever AI tool you want on your laptop, and we have a startup ecosystem full of wireheads that doesn't have any IT policies. The minute that some crazy new, insecure open-source project comes out, they put it on their laptop to see what they can do.

So that dynamic, I think, is going to persist. And I think the question is: Is there any real alpha to be gained by these wireheads who have access to Clawdbot, who can try any new AI tools, and who can lean all the way in? Or do they wind up just spinning their wheels a lot, running into a bunch of security problems, getting their GitHub account compromised, and having phony crypto coins associated with their names?

There's gonna be some variation. People are gonna have different outcomes, but I think that's what we wanna watch.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, and I'm worried about this new axis of polarization that I think is starting to happen right now. It's like: Do you think this technology is real and important, or do you think it is fake and overhyped? And I think we are starting to see the results of that polarization, where the minute something new comes out, you have thousands of people rushing to try it on GitHub and install it on their machines, and you have other people saying, “Stop this train. You're all huge nerds and losers, and we should focus on the problems that people really have.”

Right now, I think it's debatable whether these tools are actually supercharging people outside of maybe coding, which I think is its own special domain. Maybe this is all productivity theater, and people are gonna regret installing these things, and they're gonna go back to using Google Calendar and the Notes app and whatever else they're using, like the rest of us. But I worry that in the world where this stuff does actually continue to improve, where it's not just productivity theater, the people who are using whatever the 17th version of Clawdbot is that actually works may be way more productive than the people who are still doing things by hand.

In the same way, I think if you are a coder today who writes your code by hand and doesn't use any of these AI-assisted coding tools, you're actually just much less competitive and much less well-suited to succeed than the people who are using the tools that they're using.

Casey Newton

Maybe. I think that if these tools wind up being as productive as you are suggesting, they will sell themselves to the mainstream, right? You don't have to convince anyone to get an email account or buy a smartphone. They know that's gonna be helpful in their lives.

I think the concern that you're seeing among people who are more skeptical is partly reflexive skepticism and maybe a resistance to change, but part of it is that it's actually not clear to me that this is going to help me in my life. Maybe this is actually just a tool that's being built by people who do not have my best interests at heart, who are mostly just trying to take my job away for their own purposes. So, to the extent that these tools can help empower people, help them make money, help them get and keep their jobs, and help them find work that they like to do, I think you're gonna see very enthusiastic adoption. But if it just remains something that's getting better and better at doing the thing that I'm currently being paid to do, you better believe we're gonna continue to see a lot of resistance.

Kevin Roose

I'm not saying that people should be excited or enthusiastic or adopt every new tool the minute it's out. I think there are very good reasons to be worried about and skeptical of some of the hype that's out there.

At the same time, I do want people to understand what the tools are capable of doing. Right now, we have a situation where, if you are at a big company or at a more traditional organization, you are probably not able to use this stuff, at least not at work on your work devices. If people are experimenting with this stuff and decide this is not for me, that feels like a totally fine outcome to me. But I think if people aren't even aware that these tools are out there, that people who are using them are getting some benefit from them, I worry that they're going to get left behind.

I was thinking about this in part because of something else that happened this weekend, which is that Andrej Karpathy, the legendary AI researcher, came down off Mount Olympus to give one of his regular pronouncements about the state of these AI coding tools. He said that programs like Claude Code and Codex are easily the biggest change to his basic coding workflow in 2 decades of programming, and that it happened over the course of a few weeks.

This is one of the most accomplished programmers in the world, someone who has built and maintained huge, complex systems, saying that he is trying to adjust to this new era, that his job—the job that he spent his whole career doing—has essentially been taken over. If that is true for him, it is also true for other programmers, and if that is true for programmers, it is probably true for people in other areas, or will be soon.

Casey Newton

Yeah. Well, the good news is everyone on the Hard Fork show is now fully aware of all of this. So if you listen to the show, you're caught up. And if you don't, once again, you're out of luck.

Kevin Roose

Listen to podcasts. That's the moral of the story.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

When we come back, it's time to pass the hat. We'll play a round of HatGPT.

Casey Newton

I'll call my milliner.

Kevin Roose

Is that a hat maker?

Casey Newton

That's right.

Kevin Roose

Oh. Did you go to college or something?

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

Casey, it's time for HatGPT.

8. HatGPT Draws The News

Casey Newton

HatGPT, Kevin, of course—the game we play where we put a bunch of the week's top stories into a hat, draw them at random, and discuss them until the other person gets bored and says, “Stop generating.”

Kevin Roose

Should we use our Hard Fork hat?

Casey Newton

Please produce the Hard Fork hat. This is an official piece of Hard Fork merchandise.

Kevin Roose

Very nice.

Casey Newton

Now, is this still available for people to buy?

Kevin Roose

I don't think so.

Casey Newton

Good. I wanna gatekeep it. You can't have it.

Kevin Roose

But there's a different Hard Fork hat that you can buy at The New York Times Shop.

Casey Newton

Oh. Well, there you go.

Kevin Roose

Yeah. All proceeds go to supporting journalism.

Casey Newton

Hmm. It's about time somebody supported journalism.

Kevin Roose

Okay. Here we go. You're up first.

Casey Newton

All right. Well, Kevin, this story comes to us from Business Insider. Some Amazon employees got a calendar invitation titled “Project Dawn” discussing upcoming job cuts. On Wednesday, Amazon announced 16,000 layoffs. The day before that, Amazon seemed to mistakenly send employees a calendar invite about those very layoffs. It was for an event at 5:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Wednesday, but was canceled shortly after it was sent. What do you make of this?

Kevin Roose

And so the layoffs were called Project Dawn?

Casey Newton

Yeah.

Kevin Roose

That's bad. We shouldn't do that.

Casey Newton

I'm pretty sure I have played a sci-fi video game where Project Dawn was the name of an effort to wipe out all of humanity.

Kevin Roose

God, just say Project Layoffs, Project Hatchet, Project Cost-Cutting.

Casey Newton

Project Bye-Bye.

Kevin Roose

Project Efficiency.

Casey Newton

Much better names.

Kevin Roose

Let's not call this something that sounds like a science fiction movie.

Casey Newton

Here's what I hope: I hope that reporters stay on the case and figure out which AI tool is responsible for that calendar invitation being sent.

Kevin Roose

They're deploying Clawdbot, and it's sending people random notices about their layoffs. Okay, stop generating. This one comes to us from The Guardian. Former FTX crypto executive Caroline Ellison has been released from federal custody. She served about 14 months for her involvement in the multibillion-dollar FTX fraud scandal. She was originally sentenced to 2 years. Her release comes as the whole FTX saga is set to be turned into a Netflix series this fall called “The Altruists,” starring Julia Garner and Anthony Boyle.

Casey Newton

Here's what I will say about the icon Caroline Ellison, Kevin: Never have I been more confident in my life that someone was about to start a Substack. So we wanna wish Caroline well on her upcoming journey into content creation.

Kevin Roose

And I would be very excited to read her Substack because she is actually a good writer. I enjoyed the Tumblr posts of hers that I read during the whole conflagration at FTX.

And I think we should just officially extend Caroline Ellison the invite to come on Hard Fork.

Casey Newton

Absolutely. In the gay community, we love a problematic queen. And we believe everyone deserves a second chance. So, Caroline, get in touch. We'd love to chat.

Kevin Roose

All right.

Casey Newton

Stop generating. Now, this one really has been the talk of the town, Kevin. A TikTok data center outage triggered a trust crisis for its new U.S. owners. This comes to us from Wired. Over the past week, ByteDance officially transferred control of its American business to a new subsidiary that has a group of majority-American investors, and things immediately went haywire, Kevin.

We've seen celebrity after celebrity, along with a bunch of politicians, raising claims of censorship, saying that as they have tried to post in protest of ICE, their posts are getting zero views or not appearing at all. Gavin Newsom, the governor of California, has said he is launching an investigation because he tried to send the word “Epstein” in a direct message, and it did not appear, which was something that other users reported as well. So what do we think is going on with this new TikTok?

Kevin Roose

So I have tuned out most TikTok-related news because I came to the logical conclusion that nothing was ever going to happen to TikTok.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

But I am awake now because—

Casey Newton

Wake up, Kevin.

Kevin Roose

There are 2 things that have happened. 1: TikTok was sold, and the second thing is this theory about the fact that these new owners might be trying to put their thumbs on the scale and suppress certain content they don't like. I don't know if this is happening or not. I always go back to the line, “Never attribute to malice what could be attributed to stupidity.” I think probably during the transfer, some stuff has gotten shuffled and some cords got pulled. But do you think there's anything real here?

Casey Newton

Wake up, sheeple.

I would be very surprised if there is, and it pains me to say this because this controversy has roped in some of my favorite celebrities. Billie Eilish and Meg Stalter are out there posting about this. Meg Stalter said she's going to delete her TikTok account. I would just urge a little bit of calm here. If you've ever moved apartments, you know that some of the dishware gets shattered in the move.

I think something like that is happening here. We know there was an outage at 1 of the company's data centers, and I've seen stories in the past where, for some limited period of time, YouTube videos were showing 0 views. It didn't actually mean no one was watching them. It meant that the view counter was broken. So I'm not saying trust TikTok U.S. forever. I am saying, in this particular case, which did admittedly happen at a very bad time for them, it probably just was some sort of technical bug.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, they installed Clawdbot on their servers, and it's just been ordering stuff.

Casey Newton

Stop generating.

Kevin Roose

All right. Next up, we have “Anthropic CEO's grave warning: AI will test us as a species.” This comes to us from Axios, and it is about a new 38-page, 19,000-word essay by Dario Amodei, the CEO of Anthropic, titled “The Adolescence of Technology.” This is a follow-up to his hit essay, “Machines of Loving Grace,” that we talked about with him on the show. This one is kind of the flip side of that.

That one was all about how AI might create this amazing acceleration of scientific progress—all the optimistic things. And this is Dario saying, “Well, let's not get too excited here because there are also all these scary things that could happen as a result of AI, too.”

Casey Newton

Yeah, I think he should have titled it “Machines of Violent Domination,” since that seemed to be what most of the essay was about. And of course, we always love to read essays like this from the CEOs of the companies that are actually building the torment nexus. It's like we're all trying to find the guy who built the country of geniuses in a data center. I think his name was Dario something. Anyway, we'll look that up later. Might be wearing a hotdog costume.

Kevin Roose

What I don't understand is how these people have time to write. Writing a 19,000-word essay would take me several weeks. I don't run a large, multibillion-dollar AI company. So whatever kind of productivity-enhancing, focus-enhancing drugs Dario Amodei is on, I would like to get some of those.

Casey Newton

On a more serious note, I feel like the last essay got a lot more attention.

Kevin Roose

Yeah, I think—

Casey Newton

No one seems to want to read about any of the potential downsides of AI.

Kevin Roose

Well, I think there are a couple of things here. I think one is that it was somewhat out of character for Dario to put out an optimistic essay about AI. He's known within the AI community as something of a worrier about the risks. He's been writing papers about risks from AI for many years. Anthropic has sort of built itself as the AI safety company.

I think it just was a little more notable when he was saying, “Well, actually, people think I'm this doomer, but I'm actually quite excited about this technology.” I think this latest essay is just more in line with what he's been saying all along, which is that these systems are getting better quite quickly. They present all these new dangers, and we don't know where it's all heading.

Casey Newton

Here's an essay that would've gotten more attention: “The 5 worst decisions made by my rivals.” Something to think about. Stop generating.

Kevin Roose

All right.

Casey Newton

Oh, you hate to see this one, Kevin: An app for quitting porn leaked users' masturbation habits.

Kevin Roose

No.

Casey Newton

This came from 404 Media.

Kevin Roose

The name of that app, Salesforce.

Casey Newton

So the name of this app is being withheld to protect the privacy of the masturbators, Kevin. But this was an app that purported to help people stop consuming pornography, and it exposed highly sensitive data. Some of the data included users' ages, how often they masturbate, and how viewing pornography makes them feel.

Kevin Roose

Hmm.

Casey Newton

I have to say, this is a sticky situation. And I think it's gotten entirely out of hand. What? You don't agree?

Kevin Roose

I wondered why you wanted this one in the segment, and now I know. It was to make that joke.

Casey Newton

I didn't even put it in here. But here's what I will say: I'm this serious. I'm calling for a full investigation because I think it's important that at the end of this we are able to finger the culprit.

Kevin Roose

No, stop.

Casey Newton

What?

Kevin Roose

Stop.

Casey Newton

Why are you laughing? This is serious.

Kevin Roose

Stop generating.

Casey Newton

These people had their data leaked.

Kevin Roose

Stop, stop generating.

Casey Newton

All right. Oh.

Kevin Roose

Okay, this one's a doozy, Casey. This one comes to us from DigiWatch, and it is titled “Alaska student arrested after eating AI-generated art in protest.” On January 13, Graham Granger, a film and performing arts major at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, was arrested and charged with criminal mischief after ripping AI-assisted artwork from a campus gallery wall and eating around 57 of the images as part of what he describes as a protest and performance piece against the use of AI in art. Now, I've heard of consuming content, but this is taking it too far.

Casey Newton

I love this so much. Move over, Banksy. Listen, maybe I will reflect further on this and not feel this way, but here's how I feel right now: I think this is a great protest. Honestly.

Kevin Roose

No, because this was another student's artwork.

Casey Newton

Now, let me be clear. I don't actually know anything about this art or how it was made. But what I can tell you is, often people save a backup to their desktop.

Kevin Roose

Yeah.

Casey Newton

So maybe that could come into play here.

Kevin Roose

Maybe it could, maybe it couldn't. Maybe this was great art. We'll never know because now it's sitting in Graham's intestines.

Casey Newton

And it was delicious. Oh, they make them different up there in Alaska, Kevin.

Kevin Roose

Yeah. Stop generating.

Casey Newton

All right. Oh, now here's a story that I think we all saw coming, and now that it's here, we're like, “Ugh, finally.” Steak 'n Shake has added $5 million in Bitcoin exposure, deepening its commitment to Bitcoin. You might be surprised to learn that this one comes from Bitcoin Magazine. Steak 'n Shake, which is one of the greatest triumphs of the Midwest, I think you could say, is a place where you can get a delicious hamburger and a milkshake.

It's continuing what it calls its burger-to-Bitcoin transformation. In a post on X, the restaurant chain wrote that it had increased its Bitcoin exposure by $5 million in notional value—or, as it's sometimes called, value—and that “all Bitcoin sales go into our strategic Bitcoin reserve.” So, Kevin, anything you could tell us about what you think Steak 'n Shake should do with its Bitcoin holdings?

Kevin Roose

I think they should expand to the West Coast, right?

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

Obviously, In-N-Out has sort of a monopoly on that kind of experience out here.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

But I grew up eating Steak ’n Shake in my Midwestern town, and it slaps. It’s really good. They’ve got a good steak burger. Unfortunately, many years ago now, the chain was acquired by a private equity guy named Sardar Biglari—

Casey Newton

Mm.

Kevin Roose

—who has made some very strange decisions, including putting his own picture up at every Steak ’n Shake.

Casey Newton

Oh, my God. Like a Temu Chairman Mao?

Kevin Roose

Yes. Opening versions of Steak ’n Shake in European cities. There was one in Cannes the last time I was there. I was like, “What’s a Steak ’n Shake doing in Cannes?” For some context, this guy also was the owner of Maxim magazine.

Casey Newton

Oh.

Kevin Roose

So this is part of his lifestyle brand. And now he’s become a big crypto guy and wants to increase Steak ’n Shake’s profits by investing some of its money in Bitcoin.

Casey Newton

Well, let me say that I hope that someday we get a big sorry from Mr. Biglari.

Kevin Roose

Stop generating. Okay, this one comes to us from The Information. Apple is developing an AI-powered wearable pin the size of the AirTag that is equipped with multiple cameras, a speaker, microphones, and wireless charging, according to people with direct knowledge of the project. The device, this report claims, could be released as early as 2027.

Casey Newton

I think this is really interesting because this shows Apple pursuing what I like to call their Vision Pro approach to hardware, which is making things that cost $3,500 and you’re not sure what they do. But they are available.

Kevin Roose

This is total vindication for the Humane AI Pin.

Casey Newton

It really is.

Kevin Roose

They died too young.

Casey Newton

You know, are they going to be upset that they let the Humane AI Pin go to work at HP and didn’t snap them up when they had the chance?

Kevin Roose

No, I think they’ll be okay. But I think that they are trying to compete with OpenAI, which is also reportedly developing some sort of pin-like hardware thing. And I, for one, cannot wait to buy and then immediately lose this.

Casey Newton

Yeah. Well, I’m just excited that AirTags are going to have a second use beyond illegally stalking your ex.

Kevin Roose

You’ve got to stop doing that.

Casey Newton

Yeah. Stop generating.

Kevin Roose

Okay.

Casey Newton

You want to talk about the social event of the season, Kevin? Let’s go inside the White House’s screening for Amazon’s Melania documentary.

Kevin Roose

Hmm.

Casey Newton

This report comes to us from The Hollywood Reporter. On Saturday, there was a black-tie event, which was not promoted or advertised, but it took place in the East Room of the White House and attracted about 70 VIP guests, including Queen Rania of Jordan, Zoom CEO Eric Yuan, Apple CEO Tim Cook, the CEO of the New York Stock Exchange, the CEO of AMD, Lisa Su, and Mike Tyson. Kevin, is that giving nightmare blunt rotation or what?

Kevin Roose

Yes. This is like one of, I’m sure, the many perks associated with sucking up to a sitting president and groveling at his feet. One of the downsides is that you have to go to the White House to dress up in black tie and sit through a screening of what I can only imagine is a terrible documentary, and you probably can’t even look at your phone while you’re doing it.

Casey Newton

You really can’t. I have still not seen any reviews. I guess Tim Cook is still working on his Letterboxd post, so keep an eye out for that. But here’s what I’ll say: When I think of all of those people, all of these power players in one place, it has all the makings of a great reality TV show. Unfortunately, we already have one called The Traitors, so we’ll have to come up with something new.

Kevin Roose

Okay, stop generating.

Casey Newton

SpaceX is weighing a June IPO, Kevin, that is being timed to planetary alignment and Elon Musk’s birthday. This comes to us from the Financial Times. The rocket maker is targeting mid-June for its IPO, when Jupiter and Venus will appear very close together, known as a conjunction, for the first time in more than 3 years.

Kevin Roose

Hmm.

Casey Newton

Now, I heard that boys go to Jupiter to get more stupider. Is that a factor in this as well?

Kevin Roose

I’m honestly surprised he didn’t plan some sort of Uranus joke here.

Casey Newton

Honestly, don’t give him any ideas.

Kevin Roose

Yeah.

Casey Newton

Edit that out of the show. We don’t want him to hear that. So what stage of capitalism is it when the world’s richest man starts factoring in planetary alignment and his own birthday into his IPO plans?

Kevin Roose

It’s just so dumb. I’m sure the SpaceX IPO will be huge, whatever. It’s a company; they make lots of money. I’m sure investors will be excited about it. Can we just stop doing the 420, 69, Jupiters in retrograde?

Casey Newton

Epic bacon, LOL.

Kevin Roose

It just feels like we should have left that one behind in 2013.

Casey Newton

Yeah, your IPO is not a Tumblr post. Knock it off.

Kevin Roose

Okay, stop generating. Last one.

Casey Newton

Last one.

Kevin Roose

Last but not least, LinkedIn will let you show off your vibe-coding expertise. This one comes to us from Engadget. LinkedIn is partnering with Replit, Lovable, Descript, and Relay.app on the feature, and is working on integrations with fellow Microsoft-owned GitHub, as well as Zapier. LinkedIn is allowing the companies behind the AI tools to assess an individual’s relative skill and assign a level of proficiency that goes directly to their profile. We’re getting vibe-coding badges on LinkedIn, Casey. What do you think?

Casey Newton

You know, I have to give it up to LinkedIn because every year they invent levels of BS that have never been seen before in corporate life. The idea that there’s a badge on your profile that says you can type in a box—there might as well be a little trophy you can get for having computer access on this website. What are we even doing here?

Kevin Roose

Yeah, LinkedIn, I think, is the sneaky first all-AI social network.

Casey Newton

Mm-hmm.

Kevin Roose

I recently went on there, God knows why. I think I had blocked access to my other social networking apps, and every post on my feed was clearly generated by Claude or ChatGPT. It was like, “This isn’t just a transformation, it’s a revolution.”

Casey Newton

Yeah, the vibes over there are extremely strange. But this is a little bit unrelated: Am I right that anyone who asks to connect with you on LinkedIn, you accept the connection?

Kevin Roose

Correct. Do you not?

Casey Newton

No. Because when I grew up, you would connect with people on LinkedIn because you knew who they were.

Kevin Roose

Oh, no.

Casey Newton

And it seems like that norm has just collapsed.

Kevin Roose

Well, I don’t really use it, but I like having a big network for unspecified reasons.

Casey Newton

Well, is it weird to you when you’re just seeing a feed of utterly random posts from people you’ve never heard of?

Kevin Roose

No, it’s fine. It’s fine.

Casey Newton

Do you ever congratulate people for getting a new job when you have no idea who they are?

Kevin Roose

I don’t actually type that much into LinkedIn, but I will say that one of my tests that I give to new AI models is: Can they autonomously respond to my LinkedIn messages for me?

Casey Newton

Mm. That’s very good.

Kevin Roose

Yeah.

Casey Newton

Listen, just to wrap this up, here’s what I’m going to say. If you find yourself tempted to put a vibe-coding badge on your LinkedIn profile, here’s what you can do instead: Put on a rainbow wig and some white makeup and a big red nose, and look in the mirror. There’s your vibe-coding badge. Okay? Congratulations.

Kevin Roose

Congratulations. All right, Casey, that’s HatGPT.

Casey Newton

And that’s HatGPT.

Kevin Roose

Close that.

Casey Newton

Closing up the old hat.

Tech Grapples With ICE + Casey Tries Clawdbot, a Risky New A.I. Assistant + HatGPT | BidClub