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Sharp Tech · · 29 min

(Preview) Five Questions on WWDC 2026, Fable 5 And Its Guardrails, What Anthropic Has in Common With Apple

Andrew SharpBen Thompson

Podcast
TL;DR
  • Apple’s credibility debt from 2024 made genuine excitement at WWDC 2026 nearly impossible, even though Ben Thompson thought the delivered software looked solid. Prerecorded demonstrations—roughly “23% of the keynote” seemed to be loading indicators—squandered Apple’s chance to rebuild trust through risky live demos. With reports that the features work well, the missing message was Apple’s “It just works.”
  • Apple’s durable AI advantage is not model leadership but privileged access to the iPhone’s data, operating system, developers, and distribution. App Intents and Apple’s indexing system can surface information trapped across users’ apps, producing something differentiated even if it is “not technically impressive.” That lets Apple offer meaningful AI without matching rivals’ enormous CapEx.
  • The core investor call is that Apple may not need to win AI; maintaining its position could be sufficient. A radically ambient, agentic interface might eventually threaten the iPhone, but consumers pay for entertainment, and the phone remains a “phenomenal entertainment device.” Apple could therefore miss the best-model crown yet still “might have the most-used AI.”
  • Mike Rockwell’s bid to fix Siri carries organizational consequences for Vision Pro as well as Apple Intelligence. Thompson argued that success could increase Rockwell’s power and prominence and help Vision Pro; he said Rockwell’s departure might put the product in trouble. Andrew Sharp framed success as keeping Rockwell’s “baby” alive. Sharp was surprised Apple reportedly viewed Vision Pro as a “technical success, if not a commercial success.”
  • Craig Federighi’s statements about Google dependence were technically accurate in narrow senses but designed, in Thompson’s reading, to create the wrong impression. Thompson estimated that Apple has roughly five models, including on-device models—one a 20-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts system—that he characterized as distilled from Gemini with Google’s help. The cloud model is, “as I understand it,” Gemini-based and extensively post-trained for Apple. “All of this is intimately integrated with Gemini.”
  • Apple’s new Private Cloud Compute preserves a privacy promise while abandoning its original infrastructure story. The cloud model runs in Google data centers on Intel head nodes and NVIDIA GPUs, not Google’s customer-facing TPU deployment; secure-enclave technology provides a cryptographically verifiable chain from device through computation. Thompson called it a “total switch” that can still credibly remain private.
Digest · the substance, structured for research

1. Rockwell’s Siri rescue could preserve Vision Pro

  • Thompson highlighted Mike Rockwell—the person he described as most responsible for and passionate about Vision Pro—putting himself forward to fix Siri. Success could increase Rockwell’s power and prominence and help Vision Pro; Thompson said Rockwell’s departure might put the product “in trouble.” Sharp framed success as keeping Rockwell’s “baby” alive.

  • Sharp found the internal rationale striking: Apple reportedly elevated Rockwell because Vision Pro was considered a “technical success, if not a commercial success.” Thompson hedged that the outcome remains uncertain, while noting reports that Rockwell was unhappy reporting to Craig Federighi.

2. Apple needed a live demo to repay its credibility debt

  • Gabriel’s listener question captured Apple’s trap: show ambitious AI and nobody believes it, or show working versions of old promises and underwhelm everyone. Thompson’s verdict was blunt: “This is the cost of 2024,” because Apple itself foreclosed the possibility of an exciting keynote.

  • The keynote was unusually short, yet Thompson estimated that “approximately 23%” consisted of loading indicators. Live demonstrations would have turned that tedium into suspense: Apple could have discarded the prerecorded format, risked public failure, and earned a reaction of, “Balls on those guys.”

  • Thompson treated Apple’s unwillingness to take that risk as a Tim Cook-era weakness. Still, because reports said the shipped features worked “super well,” he considered the substance successful: almost nothing was new, but Apple’s immediate credibility test was whether “it just works.”

3. The iPhone gives Apple a differentiated AI wedge

  • Thompson’s original enthusiasm in 2024 came from Apple’s structural position: users often know that information exists somewhere in their personal data but cannot surface it. Apple owns the operating-system layer and can push developers toward App Intents and indexing—“They own the data that matters”—without winning the frontier-model race.

  • Sharp called the resulting features table stakes for 90% of Apple customers; Thompson pushed further, arguing that personal-data retrieval also matters to sophisticated AI users. It is highly differentiated precisely because competitors cannot reproduce Apple’s control of the iPhone, even if the underlying work is less technically impressive.

  • Apple is still anchoring itself to the same paradigm it has followed for 10 or 15 years. Thompson conceded every critique of that posture, then rejected the obligatory bearish conclusion: “Sometimes it’s just right thinking.” If AI remains a software layer, avoiding hundreds of billions in spending may look smart—or lucky: “Better be lucky than good.”

4. Defending the phone may be enough

  • Thompson can imagine the opposing future: “just in time UI, there when you need it, gone when you don’t,” with background agents, anticipatory behavior, and ambient sensors. Microsoft’s Project Solera was his tangible example, although he thinks it will “probably never ship” and become vaporware; if that computing model wins, Apple could indeed be exposed.

  • His counterweight is consumer behavior. Netflix illustrates what people pay for—entertainment—and the iPhone is a “phenomenal entertainment device” for social media, vertical video, and communication. Thompson himself does most reading and idea development on his phone, but stressed that most people are not working most of the time.

  • Sharp suggested a credible phone challenger might still be 10 years away. Thompson therefore lowered the strategic bar: Apple need not become OpenAI or possess the best model; sometimes it is enough to “maintain your position,” potentially while supplying the world’s most-used AI. Their basketball analogy: when up 25, take layups and free throws—not nine straight threes.

5. Gemini sits beneath Apple’s carefully parsed distinctions

  • Federighi said Apple uses neither the Gemini app nor its client code, and no Google Assistant. Thompson’s teardown: those are applications that access models, not the models themselves. Federighi’s “So I hope that’s clear” was the joke—every sentence could be correct while deliberately obscuring the relationship.

  • Thompson estimated that Apple has five models, with its on-device models served as Apple’s own. One is a 20-billion-parameter mixture-of-experts model that selects and loads an expert once per query rather than switching every token, reducing how much must remain in memory.

  • Thompson characterized those small models as distilled from Gemini with Google’s cooperation. Direct model access makes distillation broader and more efficient than learning only from final outputs; he also noted that commercial ChatGPT and Anthropic users already access distilled versions. Apple’s versions therefore are not the same models Google deploys to customers, despite sharing Gemini as a base.

  • The cloud model is, “as I understand it,” Gemini-based but heavily post-trained for Apple’s use case. It runs inside Google data centers on Intel head nodes and NVIDIA GPUs, whose secure-enclave capabilities support a verifiable private-compute chain; Google normally serves customers from TPUs instead. Apple also “apparently” maintains its own search index—making Federighi narrowly accurate about Google’s customer-facing deployment stack and Search, yet still misleading overall.

Andrew Sharp

Ben, how are you doing?

Ben Thompson

Well, at some point, maybe in the first half or early in the second half—

Andrew Sharp

Hm.

Ben Thompson

I was thinking about our Sharp Tech Knicks emailer and coming in hot—

Andrew Sharp

He did it to himself.

Ben Thompson

Too early.

Andrew Sharp

Yep.

Ben Thompson

I was telling him it was too early. I was thinking about how funny it was going to be when it all fell apart. I'm still not entirely sure what happened.

Andrew Sharp

I mean, I still can't believe what happened. I was thinking of a GOAT emailer, Cameron in Australia, who emailed me and Gulliver about a month ago asking whether he should buy tickets to the NBA Finals and fly to New York City from Sydney, Australia. I recommended at the time, “Do it. Life is short. It's going to be crazy expensive, but if this is a bucket-list item, this is your opportunity. Who knows when the Knicks will be back here? Just make the move.”

And then he did it, and he spent God knows how much on tickets to Game 3 and Game 4. I was sitting there after they lost Game 3, watching Game 4 with them down 30 at halftime, feeling really guilty that I was encouraging Cameron to go to the game. Then it turned into probably the most unforgettable game of his life—and any of our lives. So here we are.

Ben Thompson

There's no dollar figure that could have made it feel too expensive after last night.

Andrew Sharp

Oh my God. I'm so happy for him.

Ben Thompson

You messaged me about how worried you were about him, and I think you messaged it exactly at the nadir.

Andrew Sharp

Right.

Ben Thompson

I think they were down 29, and the game turned thanks to your care. So—

Andrew Sharp

The tide was turned. Oh my God.

Ben Thompson

That's right.

Andrew Sharp

The rest is history.

Ben Thompson

I was going to counsel you, “Look, you need to not take responsibility for other people's decisions. Cameron is his own person.”

Andrew Sharp

And he made that clear.

Ben Thompson

“He can make his own decisions.”

Andrew Sharp

To be clear, he didn't put it on me, but I still felt guilty during Game 4.

Ben Thompson

No, but maybe I'm wrong. If you were able to turn the tide, maybe you do need to care more about your advice. So—

Andrew Sharp

Indeed. And every Knicks fan—

Ben Thompson

Um.

Andrew Sharp

—in the audience, thank me over the next several days.

Ben Thompson

Well, let's let them win first. Let's let them finish the series.

Andrew Sharp

It is the Knicks.

Ben Thompson

Because now a Finals loss would be even funnier, so brace yourself.

Andrew Sharp

Absolutely.

Andrew Sharp

For now, Ben, we'll begin with WWDC. We're going to talk through Anthropic and its new Fable 5 model later in the show. But first, I look forward to WWDC conversations every year.

Ben Thompson

As a tech guy?

Andrew Sharp

As a tech guy, as a Vision Pro fanatic. The Vision Pro got a couple of mentions in this year's keynote, so I love to see that.

Ben Thompson

Not dead yet.

Andrew Sharp

It's not dead yet. We got Siri on the Vision Pro. But in general, it's sort of an Apple State of the Union. It's also how I mark the time on Sharp Tech. I still think back to the initial WWDC with Vision Pro—

Ben Thompson

Well—

Andrew Sharp

—Apple Intelligence.

Ben Thompson

I have an extra take here.

Andrew Sharp

Okay.

Ben Thompson

This was actually an incredibly important WWDC for you.

Andrew Sharp

Why is that?

Ben Thompson

Because the person at Apple most responsible for and most passionate about the Vision Pro is Mike Rockwell, who basically put up his hand and said, “Let me fix Siri, please.”

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

“Let someone else—like, we need to get rid of the clowns who are in charge. Put me in charge.” Despite the fact that he was, I think, from Dolby Logic originally, with no obvious connection to building AI. If WWDC went well, and if he pulls it off, he's going to rise in power.

Andrew Sharp

He'll keep his baby alive.

Ben Thompson

He's going to rise in power and prominence at the company. There have actually been questions about that, some political intrigue around his position there. If he were to leave, I think your Vision Pro might be in trouble.

Andrew Sharp

Mm.

Ben Thompson

And if he were to succeed, it might be good for your Vision Pro, so there's a lot at stake.

Andrew Sharp

It's funny because there was the line in Mark Gurman's report about that, and about the elevation of Rockwell, that prompted a double take as I was reading it. Apple looked to Mike Rockwell because Vision Pro was considered a technical success, if not a commercial success. I'm surprised that's the way it's interpreted internally. I think it's a technological marvel, but I'm surprised that Rockwell is getting any credibility out of what Apple has committed to over the last several years.

Ben Thompson

Well, maybe. We'll see. There were reports a few months ago that he's not super happy about reporting to Craig Federighi. That came out again the week before. If this works out and he gets put in charge of more stuff, that might be good for everyone. We'll see.

Andrew Sharp

There you go. Well, the palace intrigue will continue indefinitely here. For now—

Ben Thompson

Yeah, it's not really my beat, to be clear. But—

Andrew Sharp

Yeah. Well—

Ben Thompson

Because I know how important it is to you, I thought I'd bring it up.

Andrew Sharp

I look to Gurman. I enjoy reading his tea-leaf reading and insider reporting. But I have a six-pack of questions that we can run through quickly at the top of the show here. We got a lot of emails on the heels of WWDC, but I'll begin with Gabrielle, who wrote on the way into WWDC and sent this email last week:

“Ben and Andrew, is there any way for Apple to come out of WWDC leaving a good impression? If they play it safe and only deliver on features that were promised back in 2024, people will think it's just warmed-over news. On the other hand, if they show off new capabilities for Apple Intelligence, people will be wary of trusting them. Which of these approaches should Apple focus on? Is there any third option where they can leave the public excited about what they presented without the bitter aftertaste of the whole ‘something is rotten in the state of Cupertino’ debacle?”

There was no third option. A lot of people were pretty underwhelmed. What did you think? You were in Cupertino.

Ben Thompson

Yeah, I think Apple foreclosed the opportunity. What Gabriel is putting his finger on is that they foreclosed the opportunity for people to leave this keynote excited, for the exact reasons he said. They could show exciting things and no one would believe them, or they could show that they were actually doing basic stuff, but it worked this time.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

And then everyone's underwhelmed. So that's Apple's own fault. This is the cost of 2024: no one is going to leave 2026 genuinely excited and feeling like Apple is changing the world.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

Given that constraint, I thought they did a great job. The most important aspect of doing a great job was the extent to which this was a fairly painful keynote.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

On one hand, it was shockingly short, and it was shockingly short despite the fact that it felt like approximately 23% of the keynote was watching—

Andrew Sharp

Watching the AI work.

Ben Thompson

—loading indicators. This was the keynote of all keynotes that could have benefited from being live.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

Because what they needed to do was rebuild their credibility, and you rebuild your credibility by having stuff actually work. Now, I guess they're never going to do that again.

Andrew Sharp

They're allergic to that at this point, but I was texting Dummen[?] during the presentation that all the AI demos were pretty tedious. However, if you were doing them in front of a live audience and then watching them work—

Ben Thompson

Right.

Andrew Sharp

—in real time—

Ben Thompson

The anticipation. The “What if it fails?” Right?

Andrew Sharp

Yeah. Then it becomes—

Ben Thompson

No, exactly.

Andrew Sharp

—kind of thrilling, and they could have done that—

Ben Thompson

Honestly—

Andrew Sharp

—but didn't.

Ben Thompson

It's actually a testament to a weakness of the Tim Cook era. To go out there and do it live and say, “We're going to roll the dice. We think we've actually got it, and we're going to go out there and risk total embarrassment,” is itself an acknowledgment of the embarrassment they should already feel, given what happened in 2024.

And number 2, that is the third way. That's the way where you come out of it and you're like—

Andrew Sharp

We're hanging it all out there.

Ben Thompson

“Balls on those guys.” Yeah, they went out there. I use that term carefully, but that would've been the response. They went out there, they threw away their prerecorded keynotes, and they said, “We are doubling down. We're putting our chips on the table, and we're going to do live demos. Screw it.”

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

And it actually works this time. In that case, given what they shipped, it's totally what they said in 2024.

There was almost nothing new. And you know what? That’s fine.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

What they showed in 2024 was pretty compelling.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

That’s why we were excited in 2024. It’s compelling because—

Andrew Sharp

Well, crucially, it’s compelling for 90% of Apple customers, for whom high-end, expensive AI is not really what they want. They’re giving people table stakes.

Ben Thompson

It’s compelling for high-end AI customers. You knew something was in your data somewhere, and you wanted to surface it.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

And they can do it because they’re the operating system. It’s because of their position with the iPhone that they are uniquely positioned to do something with AI that no one else can do. Even though it’s not technically impressive, it’s still differentiated.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

Highly differentiated. And that’s why I was so enthusiastic about 2024, because, aha, they have an angle here. They don’t need to do a bunch of capital expenditure spending. They can actually deliver something meaningful given their preexisting position. They’re leveraging their position as—

Andrew Sharp

They own the data that matters, yeah.

Ben Thompson

They own the data that matters, and they have a position to corral developers to use the App Intent system and their index system to give them their data, even though the developers don’t like Apple and all these bits and pieces. It was a very smart strategic play, and I was very enthusiastic about it in 2024. And if I step out of the “it’s 2026” framing and look at what Mythos—

Andrew Sharp

They’re so far behind.

Ben Thompson

—or Fable or—

Andrew Sharp

They should be so ashamed.

Ben Thompson

—Gemini’s doing—

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

—it remains impressive and compelling.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

And now I think where they fell short is that they didn’t go all the way. I think a live demo would’ve transformed this. It would’ve been a smash hit, especially because almost universally, the reports are that it works, and it works super well.

Andrew Sharp

Hm.

Ben Thompson

I have not installed it. I usually never install betas. I actually do plan on installing this one. This is part and parcel of the fact that I was still unpacking last year. I have to find my iPhone from last year.

Andrew Sharp

Okay.

Ben Thompson

My spare iPhone that I carry with me is actually an iPhone from 2 years ago. It’s been a busy week, so I apologize. I was not properly prepared for this show. But by all accounts, everyone who’s talked about it says it just works.

Andrew Sharp

Hm.

Ben Thompson

And it just works. That’s what Apple needs to get back to: It just works.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

And it seems like it does.

Andrew Sharp

Well, we shall see. Boyan, responding to your WWDC article on Tuesday, wrote in and said, “Apple is not thinking different. It is living in the past and becoming a victim of the ‘when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail’ mentality. That is exactly the mistake that Microsoft made with mobile. They tried to shoehorn everything into a Windows viewpoint. Apple is replaying the same playbook. If AI changes the world like its biggest proponents think it will, Apple will be in deep trouble. Fortunately for them, it is very likely that AI becomes just another very useful software layer, and Apple dodges a bullet.” What do you agree with there?

Ben Thompson

I’m sorry, was this one Boyan or 2 Boyans?

Andrew Sharp

One Bojan.

Ben Thompson

Because Boyan’s last sentence completely refutes the first 5 sentences. If, in fact, Apple AI is just another very useful software layer, then that means Apple is, in fact, thinking differently by not spending hundreds of billions of dollars—

Andrew Sharp

Yep.

Ben Thompson

—and going their own way and sticking with the iPhone paradigm. So which is it, Bojan? I feel I don’t even need to answer. The guy answered himself.

Andrew Sharp

I mean, I would say they are demonstrably thinking differently than the rest of tech, and have been over the last several years.

Ben Thompson

And they’re also demonstrably anchoring themselves in the iPhone paradigm.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

That doesn’t mean it’s wrong. That was a point I was trying to make. I didn’t love my article this week for a few reasons, one of which was this: I had to rewrite the ending multiple times because I was trying to say, look, all these critiques, like Boyan’s critique, are totally legitimate. Apple’s totally doing what’s best for them. They’re totally doing what makes sense for their model. They’re totally not investing in things that they’re probably not good at. And all those reasons—

Andrew Sharp

And they’re not thinking any differently than they were over the last—

Ben Thompson

That’s right.

Andrew Sharp

—10, 15 years.

Ben Thompson

That’s right.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

When you articulate that companies are doing what is good for them and in their interest, it’s usually followed by a but.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

The world’s different now, and this is totally wrong thinking. Sometimes it’s just right thinking. You’re just fortunate enough that the model actually works. And the fact of the matter is, I have talked about this multiple times. Boyan should give me a little credit here—or one of the Boyans, Boyan 1—

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

—that there’s—yes, you can imagine—

Andrew Sharp

You’ve been warning about a downside.

Ben Thompson

—a future of a different—

Andrew Sharp

Sure.

Ben Thompson

—UI paradigm: just-in-time UI, there when you need it, gone when you don’t; agents working in the background on your behalf, much more anticipatory of your needs; all these ambient sensors and input devices. This is why I talked about it in the context of Microsoft’s Project Solera a bit, which, again, I love that demo, even though it will probably never ship. It’s going to be vaporware. But it was a tangible articulation of a completely different model of computing that is not like the iPhone at all. It’s the exact opposite. It’s what Boyan 1 says is coming, and Apple is screwed.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

But then Boyan 2 is here and saying, “Actually, the iPhone’s pretty phenomenal.”

Andrew Sharp

Mm.

Ben Thompson

And in a context where—what do consumers pay for? Give me 1 service that consumers pay for.

Andrew Sharp

What do you mean? Like a software service?

Ben Thompson

Yeah.

Andrew Sharp

I don’t know.

Ben Thompson

Netflix.

Andrew Sharp

Mm. Yep.

Ben Thompson

What is Netflix?

Andrew Sharp

Entertainment.

Ben Thompson

I should have put Netflix in the article because that actually helped make my point more. I just said customers don’t pay for productivity. They don’t pay for productivity; they pay for entertainment. The iPhone is a phenomenal entertainment device. That is its number-one functionality. It’s social media, vertical video, talking to your friends.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

Now, is it also a productivity device? Absolutely. It’s one of the most useful productivity devices in the world, but it’s used by people to do work. I do most of my work on the iPhone. I do my actual writing—

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

—and maybe some Excel spreadsheets. Someone was asking me for my software stack, and my software stack is funny. I have this superpowered MacBook Pro, which I rarely use as a text editor, and maybe for some Excel spreadsheets. I do most of my reading, most of my thinking, and a lot of my sketching out ideas or whatever on my phone. I use an iPhone like a Gen Z maniac.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

And it is definitely a productivity device. But for most people, they’re not doing work most of the time. Entertainment is just as important—more important, in fact—than productivity. And on that vector, from that perspective, is any of these devices better than a phone?

Andrew Sharp

We’ll see. It might be 10 years before any sort of device emerges that could actually challenge the primacy of the phone.

Ben Thompson

So I’m with Boyan 2 here. I’m coming around to the idea that maybe Apple’s lucky to be in this situation. Better to be lucky than good.

Andrew Sharp

No, exactly. And I look at what they announced this past week, and Apple doesn’t need to hit home runs in AI to win in AI and to double down on all those advantages.

Ben Thompson

Well, they also don’t need to win in AI. They need to—sometimes it’s sufficient to maintain your position.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

Right? They’re not going to win in AI. They’re not. They’re not going to be the perfect AI.

Andrew Sharp

They’re not going to have the best AI—

Ben Thompson

They’re not going to be OpenAI.

Andrew Sharp

—the best model. No, exactly.

Ben Thompson

They might have the most-used AI, though.

Andrew Sharp

What about Apple as the Spurs in the second half of Game 4 last night? They’re up 25 points, and the key for them here is not to miss 9 threes in a row.

Ben Thompson

Right. Why are you taking 9 threes in a row like you’re behind? Just getting layups and free throws—

Andrew Sharp

And you’re set.

Ben Thompson

—would get the job done.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah. And I think that’s what WWDC was this year, and it’s perfectly sensible as far as I’m concerned. Jonathan says, “Goats.” I would love to hear some clarification on the Apple and Google AI deal. I thought Apple was using a white-label version of Gemini and/or using Google Cloud for off-device compute.

This quote from Craig Federighi, though, sounds like Apple is using nothing from Google? Here’s what Federighi said:

“Of course, we don’t have the Gemini app as our app. In fact, none of that client code is part of how we run on iOS. For these models, we use none of the models that Google deploys to their customers, nor do we use the infrastructure and means by which they deploy models to their customers. And then when it comes to the knowledge base, we of course don’t use Google Search or anything like that as the foundation of our system. So I hope that’s clear. The amount of the Google Assistant that we use is none.”

And Jonathan says, “I suspect the truth lies somewhere in the middle, but please help a normie make sense of this bizarre corporate speak.” Can you help Jonathan, Ben?

Ben Thompson

The funniest line that Craig Federighi said there is, “So I hope this is clear.”

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

Because he does not hope it’s clear. He did not lie anywhere in this statement, and he also created an impression that is totally wrong.

Andrew Sharp

Okay, great.

Ben Thompson

I don’t know. Should I break it down sentence by sentence?

Andrew Sharp

Yeah, go sentence by sentence. Fire Joe Morgan here.

Ben Thompson

I’m not sure how long this is going to take, but okay. “Of course, we don’t have the Gemini app as our app.” Duh. Of course. Gemini is an app that you actually download on your phone or go to a website to use. They don’t have that.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

Okay, fine. That’s clear. “In fact, none of that client code is part of how we run on iOS.” This is saying the same thing again. The code of the Gemini app supports the Gemini app. So, no, they did not take the code of the Gemini app, in addition to not taking the Gemini app, and put it in their app.

Andrew Sharp

Great.

Ben Thompson

Glad we’re clear.

Andrew Sharp

Yes.

Ben Thompson

Yes. Okay. Again, the code of the app has nothing to do with the model.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

The app is a means to access the model, okay? It’s just like my website is a way to access my writing, right? It’s like a container for it, okay?

Andrew Sharp

Uh-huh.

Ben Thompson

What’s next? “For these models, we use none of the models that Google deploys to their customers.” They don’t use the exact same model that Google gives their customers. That is correct. “Nor do we use the infrastructure…” But what are they actually doing?

Apple has, I think, 5 models, several of them on-device and then 1 that’s in the cloud.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

All the ones that are on-device are Apple’s own models. Those models are, of course, because they’re on-device, very small. One of them is pretty interesting. It’s actually quite large, a 20-billion-parameter model in which only part of it is loaded in memory at the time.

It’s called a mixture of experts. Usually, for mixture of experts, you load or use a different expert every token, which means you have to have the whole thing in memory. In this case, you do an expert per query. So when you make a query, it’s like, “We need this part of the model.” It loads only that part of the model into memory, and then that’s in memory for all the tokens.

Regardless, all those on-device models are Apple models.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

But how do you get small models?

Andrew Sharp

Distill it down.

Ben Thompson

Distilling, exactly. They won’t say “distilling.” I think they said they were Google-derived or made in conjunction with Google. Basically, what you do is ask the big model questions—

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

—and then you get answers, and that’s how you build your model. These are Google-distilled models.

Andrew Sharp

This is legal, aboveboard distilling that’s happening between Apple and Google.

Ben Thompson

Right. And by the way, the reason it’s not just legal is that having actual access to the model—the whole idea of generating tokens—there are actually multiple layers underneath. If you’re only getting access to the final output, you can distill from that, but it’s way more inefficient, and you’re not getting as broad a coverage and understanding of the parent model.

If you have actual access to the model, your distilling is far more effective. And by the way, when you’re accessing most of these models online, including ChatGPT and Anthropic, you’re accessing a distilled model as it is.

Andrew Sharp

Sure.

Ben Thompson

No one’s getting access to the real model because it would be astronomically expensive and impossible to scale. So even the big models that are online are distilled to an extent, and they can do a good job of it because it’s their model. They can distill it better than anyone else can.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

But all those models on Apple’s devices are not the models that Google serves. They are the models Apple serves because both Google and Apple distill from Gemini for the models they serve.

Andrew Sharp

Okay.

Ben Thompson

So they’re doing their own distilling with Google’s help, but it’s not Google’s. It’s not the same ones that Google has.

Andrew Sharp

Right.

Ben Thompson

The one in the cloud, as I understand it, is some sort of Gemini model at its base. But the way models are today, there’s so much post-training and so many things you layer on after the initial model is done that it’s effectively—not a different model, but there are multiple variations of models that can be accessed.

When you see all these companies saying, “Oh, new model, new model,” they’re releasing models all the time. Now, there are genuinely new models, like, say, a Mythos, that are a new training run. But lots of the new model releases are not new training runs. They’re new post-training and new reinforcement learning. You do 1 pre-training a year or a couple a year, and then you just iterate on the one that’s there.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

Apple has done that to Gemini. That’s what’s being served in the cloud. It is different from Google’s, and appropriately so. They’re tuning the model for their use case.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

So all of this is intimately integrated with Gemini, and Craig Federighi went out of his way to make you think that wasn’t the case.

Andrew Sharp

Let’s obfuscate this. Sure.

Ben Thompson

But he didn’t lie, right?

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

“So I hope that’s clear.”

No, it’s not clear, and you did that on purpose. Now, do we use the infrastructure and means by which they deploy their models to their customers? No. They have their own setup with Intel head nodes and NVIDIA GPUs.

Andrew Sharp

Okay.

Ben Thompson

This is different from a standard NVIDIA rack, where NVIDIA has its own head node with its Grace GPU and then a Blackwell. That’s why it’s called Grace Blackwell. Blackwell is actually the GPU. Grace is the CPU. And then you have Vera Rubin. Vera is the CPU. Rubin is the GPU.

They’re using the NVIDIA GPU part—

Andrew Sharp

I never knew that. Okay.

Ben Thompson

—with Intel as the front part. The reason they have those is that both Intel and NVIDIA have secure-enclave technology that lets you ensure you get the Private Cloud Compute aspects, because the whole chain is fully verifiable: what got passed there, whether it got flushed, where it went.

It’s a whole cryptographic handshake between your device, the Intel head node, and the NVIDIA GPU. That whole chain is fully secured.

Andrew Sharp

Mm-hmm.

Ben Thompson

So they can continue to make their promise around Private Cloud Compute, even though it’s totally different from the Private Cloud Compute they tried to sell 2 years ago, which was their servers on their chips.

Andrew Sharp

Right.

Ben Thompson

But it is Google infrastructure. It’s running in Google data centers on Intel and NVIDIA chips. This is a total switch from what Private Cloud Compute was.

It’s still credibly Private Cloud Compute because of this technology embedded in these Intel and NVIDIA chips that lets you cryptographically guarantee that it’s totally private.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

But it’s a total change in infrastructure, and that’s not what Google uses. Google uses fleets of TPUs. They don’t have the cryptographic guarantees around it being private and all those sorts of things.

As for the knowledge base, we don’t use Google Search. Yes, apparently they have their own search index, which is sort of interesting. Then we get to, “So I hope that’s clear.”

The amount of the Google Assistant we use is none. Google Assistant is an app. We get it: you don’t use the Google Assistant; it’s the old app. So it’s like saying, “We don’t use the new app, and we don’t use the old app.” Thanks, Craig.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

We figured that out.

Andrew Sharp

So nonsense, nonsense. The first clause of the third sentence is also pretty misleading. They don't use the infrastructure and means by which they deploy models to their customers. That seems to be the most accurate claim there, and then—

Ben Thompson

No, everything in here is correct. It's just—

Andrew Sharp

The least misleading claim—

Ben Thompson

—meant to obfuscate.

Andrew Sharp

Yeah.

Ben Thompson

Yes.

Andrew Sharp

So, in any event, Jonathan, I hope that clears things up for you. Paul says, “If Siri AI is some sort of consumer harness for white-label Gemini, although the underlying model itself is an Apple, given Ben’s note today about the integration value of harnesses, is that circumstance enough to give Apple AI breathing room for a while to come, given their distribution advantages, OS device integration mode, installed base, et cetera?

“And assuming Siri AI was developed all in-house, if Apple was able to create a good harness lite for Gemini, isn’t that skill valuable enough to let them keep some competitive tension among the leading models? And finally, if Apple was able to make a smaller Gemini-derived model run on device, does that further help maintain competitive tension among model makers, all to Apple’s advantage?” Any thoughts there?

Ben Thompson

Yeah. I’m sorry, Paul. I’m going to have to pick on you a little bit, but I think this question stands in for a lot of people who don’t have an awareness of how advanced AI is right now.

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