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Sohn Conference Foundation · · 7 分钟

William Heard 在 Sohn 2025 推介 Adobe

William Heard

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TL;DR
  • Heard Capital 的 William Heard 在 Sohn 推介 Adobe,给出$700目标价,认为市场错误地假设“AI会颠覆Adobe,而不是进一步巩固其竞争地位”。 他指出,Adobe拥有4500万以上订阅用户,企业TAM尚未充分渗透,且已证明具备定价权,有望赢下生成式AI军备竞赛。目标价采用25x EBITDA、33–34x P/E和33x FCF,均“处于Adobe历史区间内”;相比之下,Adobe当前为19x P/E,10年均值为33x。
  • 工作流逻辑是该投资论点的核心:“大语言模型擅长构思,但缺少Adobe软件用于完成内容的精度。” Firefly具备像素级控制和“获得授权、以合乎伦理的方式获取的数据”,目标是在企业面临AI内容知识产权侵权审查之际,生成具备商业可用性且权利清晰的内容。
  • Heard表示,Adobe有意推进AI的策略已经奏效:AI影响ARR超过35亿美元,Creative Cloud“从2023年的6%增速加速至今年的24%增速”,驱动力来自AI和Express。 他认为未来3年的市场一致预期过低;Adobe大多数AI产品进入市场还不到完整1年,管理层也在2025年投资者日重申了指引。
  • 他认为市场对Canva的担忧“没有击中要害”:Adobe用有竞争力的方案守住低端,同时在其工具“无可匹敌”的高端推动提价——“这不是零和博弈”。 Heard指出,Adobe的rule of 40为58%,尽管远期相对P/E倍数最低,盈利能力仍接近同业顶尖水平。
  • 资本配置和管理层履历进一步支撑这项投资:管理层已回购接近当前市值的10%,250亿美元回购计划还剩140亿美元。 CEO执掌公司约17年;Heard表示,这期间公司回购了约54%的市值,同时CEO将Adobe从270亿美元做大至1700亿美元。面对主持人提出的、由Perplexity生成的“什么可能出错”这一问题,Heard回答:“问题不是会不会发生,而是什么时候发生”——“估值是一条连续谱,而不是某个时间点上的单一数字。”
摘要 · 为研究而整理的核心内容

1. 定价错位:4500万以上订阅用户被按AI淘汰品折价

  • Heard将Adobe描述为一家被广泛使用的数字内容龙头,但市场认为AI会颠覆、而非巩固其竞争地位,因此对其4500万以上订阅用户基础进行了折价。
  • 在企业市场,Heard表示Adobe的TAM尚未充分渗透,公司在更大的存量用户基础上已经证明具备定价权。他认为Adobe已做好赢下生成式AI军备竞赛的准备。
  • 他反驳工作流质疑称,批评者“误解了基本逻辑”:LLM负责构思,Adobe的精密工具负责完成内容。他认为,有意推进AI是一套战略性的产品发布顺序,而不是防御性收缩,也不会损害价值;Adobe此前向云端和订阅模式转型的经历,支持管理层作出这一判断。

2. Firefly与IP安全构成企业护城河

  • 每天生成的AI内容达到数亿规模、监管审查持续升温,企业需要将AI整合进创意工作流,同时应对IP风险以及流程分散、工具彼此不兼容的问题。
  • Heard表示,Firefly拥有“获得授权、以合乎伦理的方式获取的数据”、像素级控制能力,以及权利清晰的使用场景和使用权,使其输出具备商业可用性。
  • 他还强调Adobe的3大业务板块——Creative Cloud、Document Cloud和Experience Cloud——以及由内容数字化、移动优先工作流和视频消费增长支撑的订阅模式。
  • 在他看来,AI商业化已经落地的证据是:AI影响ARR超过35亿美元,Creative Cloud增速“从2023年的6%加速至今年的24%”。

3. 估值与竞争定位

  • Heard表示,Adobe在自由现金流、毛利率和EBITDA利润率方面处于同业最前或接近最前,但远期相对P/E倍数却最低。Adobe当前19x P/E,10年均值为33x,他将这一估值倍数形容为处于谷底水平。
  • 管理层已回购接近当前市值的10%,250亿美元回购计划还剩140亿美元。rule of 40为58%。
  • 他说,市场对Canva的担忧“没有击中要害”:Adobe可以用有竞争力的方案防守低端,同时在其工具“无可匹敌”的高端提价。创意市场正在扩张,因此“这不是零和博弈”。

4. 增长、变现与风险问题

  • Heard认为未来3年的市场一致预期过低。Adobe大多数AI产品进入市场还不到完整1年,管理层在2025年投资者日重申指引,而AI影响ARR已经在支撑留存、使用和升级。
  • 他预计,随着变现规模扩大,利润率将继续提升。他给出的$700目标价对应25x EBITDA、33–34x P/E和33x FCF,均处于Adobe历史估值区间内。
  • 针对主持人提出的“什么可能出错”这一Perplexity生成问题,Heard表示Adobe已经证明“问题不是会不会发生,而是什么时候发生”,并补充称“估值是一条连续谱”,而不是某个时间点上的单一数字。他还提到,CEO执掌公司约17年,期间公司回购了约54%的市值,并将规模从270亿美元扩大至1700亿美元。
William Heard

Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for having me. I'm William Heard from Heard Capital, and I'm excited to share my best idea.

This is a company most of you know, have heard of, and use multiple times a day. Yet it remains misunderstood. It is a leader in the digital content arena, and we believe it has significant upside.

1. AI Is Reshaping Content Creation

AI has unlocked a new era of content innovation. Hundreds of millions of pieces of AI-generated content are created daily, with use cases spanning advertising, marketing, entertainment, and social media platforms. Creatives and enterprises need advanced tools to transform raw AI material into competitive IP while seamlessly integrating the latest AI capabilities into the creative workflow. As regulatory scrutiny increases, enterprises face mounting pressure to ensure AI-generated content does not infringe on IP.

Finally, scattered workflows drain creative momentum as teams wrestle with compatibility issues and manual fixes. This chaos demands a comprehensive solution—one that innovates, unites, and safeguards creativity at scale.

2. Adobe Is The Investment Idea

Our investment idea is Adobe. We believe the market is discounting an installed base of 45 million-plus subscribers, assuming AI will disrupt rather than further entrench Adobe's competitive position. At the enterprise level, Adobe's TAMs are not fully penetrated, and Adobe has already demonstrated pricing power on a larger installed base. We believe Adobe is well positioned to win the generative AI arms race in the digital content creation arena.

3. Adobe's AI Rollout Is Deliberate

We understand investors have grown impatient with Adobe's pace of modernization. However, we believe prioritizing an understanding of AI workflow adoption patterns is the right sequence for a few reasons. To begin with, critics misunderstand the basics of the creative workflow: large language models excel at ideation but lack the precision of Adobe's software needed to finalize content. Second, the market has misread Adobe's deliberate approach to AI modernization as defensive, rather than as a strategic product rollout that will further consolidate its already strong competitive position.

These actions will not impair value. Third, Adobe's management team has a track record of navigating complex technological shifts, such as the move into the cloud and the switch to a subscription-based model. These decisions were not accidental.

4. Firefly Protects Adobe's Moat

Adobe has 3 segments: Creative Cloud, Document Cloud, and Experience Cloud. Adobe's subscription model ensures revenues are built on strong pillars such as content digitization, mobile-first workflows, and surging video consumption. GenAI is powerful for ideation, but refining content still requires Adobe's precision editing tools. Firefly, Adobe's GenAI model, has pixel-level control and is trained on licensed, ethically sourced data, ensuring outputs are commercially viable and that use cases and usage rights are cleared.

5. Adobe Trades Below Its History

Looking at any measure of profitability—free cash flow, gross margin, or EBITDA margin—Adobe ranks at or near the top of its peer set, yet trades at the lowest forward relative P/E multiple. On the capital allocation front, management has bought back almost 10% of the current market cap, with $14 billion of a $25 billion buyback program remaining. Despite strong fundamentals, at 19 times P/E, Adobe is trading at trough multiples relative to its 10-year average of 33 times, reflecting investors' concern over muted growth. With that said, the rule of 40 for Adobe is 58%, offering a great risk-reward.

6. AI Is Reaccelerating Growth

Driven by AI and Express, Adobe's Creative Cloud is accelerating from 6% growth in 2023 to 24% growth this year, proving Adobe's AI rollout is working. Concerns regarding low-end competitors such as Canva, in my opinion, miss the mark. Adobe's strategic pricing allows it to defend the low-end cohort with competitive offers while pushing pricing at the higher end, where Adobe's tools are unmatched. The creative market is expanding.

This is not a zero-sum game. Adobe's monetization is gaining traction, and engagement is driving margins up across the platform. Adobe recently disclosed over $3.5 billion in AI-influenced ARR, meaning AI is already positively impacting retention, usage, and upgrade cycles. Growth is at an inflection point. First, we believe consensus estimates are too low over the next 3 years.

Second, most of Adobe's AI products have been in the marketplace for less than a full year. Third, at the 2025 Investor Day, they reaffirmed their guidance. Finally, our $700 price target implies substantial upside using 25 times EBITDA, 33–34 times P/E, and 33 times free cash flow multiples, all of which are in line with Adobe's historical range. With meaningful AI ARR, the potential for margin expansion as monetization scales will drive upside to current EPS estimates and provide multiple ways for Adobe to win. Thank you.

Speaker 1

Thank you, William. Thank you. At Sohn, we always try to be on the latest theme. I'm sure you haven't heard of AI before, but we're going to fix that. There's a fireside chat with the CEO of Perplexity and with Sebastian Mallaby, who's actually writing the book on AI.

So, I recommend you pre-order that. I asked Perplexity, “What is the best question for William?” And it was, “William, what can go wrong?”

William Heard

Yeah. I think Adobe has proven it's not if; it's when this is going to occur. We have a saying at Heard Capital: valuation is a continuum. It's not a point in time. If you look back, the CEO has been at the helm of this company for about 17 years. They bought back about 54% of their market cap during that time period.

And he's grown the company from $27 billion to $170 billion. Over time, I think we'll wait for slow, profitable growth in any environment. Adobe is literally embedded in everything you do. So, thank you.