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Sohn Conference Foundation · · 8 分钟

Ryan Packard 在 Sohn 2025 推介 Comfort Systems

Ryan Packard

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TL;DR
  • Hidnight Capital 的 Ryan Packard 将 Comfort Systems(FIX)列为“灵活且具优势的收购者”(AAA)体系中的第四席,与 Broadcom、Constellation Software 和 Transdime 并列。 AAA 体系真正看重的2项指标,是投入资本回报率的一致性,以及在有机增长之外进行外延式资本再配置的能力。2009—2021年间,FIX 将接近100%的自由现金流用于收购,同时维持超过25%的税前ROIC。
  • 核心判断是:FIX 在“未来可预见的时期”能够实现约25%的EPS增长,股价“未来3年可以翻倍”。 FIX 的EPS从2014年的$0.75升至2024年的$14.60,增长19倍;尽管美国制造商过去25年将大量产能转移至海外,Packard认为这一逆风“正处在转化为顺风的临界点”。
  • 被问及美国最佳制造业回流标的时,Packard给出的答案是FIX:一家市值150亿美元的公司,也是美国第2大熟练建筑承包商雇主,1.9万名员工中85%每天都在工地作业。 公司在135座城市设有178个地点,覆盖美国100%的企业,重点布局中型市场;业务结构为75%机械、25%电气,终端结构为60%工业、25%机构、15%商业。
  • FIX的并购跑道很长,且具备结构性保护:公司目前仅占美国市场约2%的份额,协同效应前的收购价格为IBIDA的5—7倍;履约担保要求又将运营公司的杠杆限制在1倍,既压低了收购方竞争,也令私募股权和小型玩家难以获得资本。 公司杠杆处于历史区间低端,Packard预计还会有“有意义的进一步并购”。
  • 1号发言人反驳称,承包商朋友在劳动力成本和供应方面“感到无能为力”。 Packard表示,管理层认为FIX可以每年将劳动力池扩大约6%;成为能够在有担保工地作业的持证电工或水管工,通常需要5年学徒期,而全职雇佣有助于留住这些工人。FIX在半导体、制药和AI数据中心领域的专长,也增强了其吸引和留住人才的能力。
  • 长期锚点是:FIX连续18年实现25%的总股东回报率“kagger”,未来5年的展望是以类似速度复合增长。 短期内,Packard认为制造业回流和AI建设顺风将继续支撑FIX,而且持续时间很可能远超市场预期。
摘要 · 为研究而整理的核心内容

1. AAA框架:FIX加入 Broadcom、Constellation Software 和 Transdime

  • Packard的多空选股范围,是那些“主动通过M&A管理自身业务组合和资本”的公司,即灵活且具优势的收购者(AAA)。2项决定性指标分别是投入资本回报率的一致性,以及在有机增长之外进行外延式资本再配置的能力。他的判断是:Comfort Systems“属于这份声名显赫的名单”。

2. FIX究竟是什么——以及制造业回流判断

  • FIX是一家市值150亿美元的公司,也是美国第2大熟练建筑承包商雇主;1.9万名员工中,85%每天带着工具前往工地。公司在135座城市设有178个地点,覆盖美国100%的企业,重点布局中型市场,通常在每座城市拥有市场份额领先者。业务结构为75%机械(HVAC)、25%电气;终端结构为60%工业、25%机构、15%商业。
  • 核心数据是:EPS从2014年的$0.75升至2024年的$14.60,增长19倍。过去25年,美国制造商将大量产能转移至海外,形成了显著逆风;但Packard认为,这一逆风“正处在转化为顺风的临界点”。他的预测是,FIX在未来可预见的时期能够实现约25%的EPS增长;如果兑现,他认为股价未来3年可以翻倍。对于“美国最佳制造业回流标的是什么”,他的答案是FIX。

3. M&A机器及其护城河

  • 2009—2021年间,FIX将接近100%的自由现金流用于收购,但仍维持超过25%的税前ROIC——对于一家如此积极进取的公司而言,这是“一项罕见成就”。公司目前仅占美国市场约2%的份额,意味着并购目标仍有一条漫长的长尾。
  • 为什么在协同效应前IBIDA的5—7倍价格区间内,竞争仍然有限?履约担保要求将运营公司杠杆限制在1倍以内,这会阻碍私募股权参与,也令小型玩家难以获得资本与之竞争。公司杠杆处于历史区间低端,Packard预计还会有有意义的进一步并购。

4. 劳动力质疑——以及Packard的留才答案

  • 1号发言人的质疑是:承包商朋友们最主要的抱怨集中在劳动力,包括成本、可获得性、不可预测性,以及“感到无能为力”。Packard的回应是,这些企业的规模可能小得多、周期性也更强;FIX则是“一家机构”,管理层认为公司可以每年将劳动力池扩大约6%。
  • 留才的逻辑是:成为能够在有担保工地作业的持证电工或水管工,通常需要约5年学徒期。FIX在完成这项投入后将人员转为全职员工,而他们往往会长期留任。公司在半导体、制药和AI数据中心建设领域的专长,正好对应本届政府、投资者和终端用户的关注重点,也支撑其吸引和留住人才的能力——这是“其重要竞争护城河之一”。Packard总结称,FIX幸好不存在劳动力短缺,因为公司善待员工。
Ryan Packard

Good afternoon. I’m Ryan Packard, the founder of Hidnight Capital. I’m excited and grateful to be here to share with you one of our favorite portfolio investments. These are the disclaimers. Just as a reminder, we may trade in or out of this idea without notifying anyone.

1. The AAA Framework

We at Hidnight Capital, like many people in this room, spend our time trying to find great businesses that can compound capital consistently over very long periods of time. One of our favorite places to hunt, both long and short, is in companies that actively manage their own portfolio and capital through M&A. We call them adept, advantaged acquirers, or AAA for short.

Over the last 10 years, our 3 favorite companies that fit the AAA construct are Broadcom, Constellation Software, and Transdime—3 businesses that I’m sure many of you are familiar with. When we look at possible AAA businesses, we think the 2 most important metrics to measure are consistency of return on invested capital and the ability to redeploy capital inorganically on top of organic growth.

As you can see from these numbers, these 3 companies have been able to redeploy the vast majority of their operating capital through M&A. Equally importantly, when they deploy their own capital, it’s at a consistently above-market rate of return.

2. Meet Comfort Systems

I’m here today to tell you about a fourth company that we think belongs on this storied list. The name of that company is Comfort Systems. The ticker is FIX. Comfort Systems is a $15 billion market cap company that is the second largest employer of skilled construction contractors in the United States.

Eighty-five percent of its 19,000-strong labor force goes to a job site every day with a tool in their hands to construct some of the most complex and critical facilities that make up the backbone of the United States’ industrial manufacturing economy. FIX has 178 locations across 135 cities, covering 100% of the businesses in the United States with a focus on midsize markets. They typically own the market leader in each city, with longstanding, deep relationships across the supply chain.

In terms of business mix, the segments are 75% mechanical—think HVAC—and 25% electrical. In terms of vertical, 60% is industrial, between manufacturing and technology; 25% is institutional; and 15% is commercial.

Based on our projections, we believe FIX can grow its earnings per share at approximately 25% a year for the foreseeable future. If they do that, we think the stock can double over the next 3 years.

3. The Onshoring Growth Thesis

As an industrials-focused investor, I’m often asked, “What is the best U.S. onshoring play?” We think the answer to that question is FIX. When someone builds a new industrial building in the United States, chances are they call FIX to bid on the wiring, the HVAC, and the plumbing installation for the project.

4. M&A Drives The Flywheel

Over the years, FIX has increased their skills both organically and inorganically, creating a positively reinforcing flywheel that has produced impressive financial results. The company has grown EPS from 75 a share in 2014 to $14.60 a share in 2024, a 19-times increase over the last 10 years.

These results were achieved despite a meaningful headwind from most U.S. manufacturers offshoring large swaths of capacity over the past 25 years. We believe those headwinds are on the precipice of turning into tailwinds within Midnight’s AAA framework.

FIX has an excellent track record of capital allocation over the last decade, cumulatively spending almost 100% of its free cash flow on acquisitions from 2009 to 2021. Along the way, they were able to maintain greater than 25% pre-tax ROIC, a rare feat for a company this inquisitive.

5. Why Competition Stays Low

Yet it’s only accumulated about 2% market share in the United States. This leaves a long tale of M&A targets. Importantly, acquirer competition is low despite the very attractive returners.

FIX typically pays 5 to 7 times IBIDA before synergies. The primary reason for the lack of competition is that bonding requirements prevent leverage at the operating company from exceeding 1 time, which, one, deters private equity, and, two, makes it hard for small players to access capital to compete.

FIX’s leverage is at the low end of its historical range, and I expect that there will be meaningful further M&A in the future.

So, in conclusion, long-term FIX has an 18-year history of a 25% total shareholder return kagger, and we see a 5-year outlook at a similar rate of compounding. Short-term, FIX is in the sweet spot of structural tailwinds from onshoring and AI construction that will persist likely well beyond market expectations.

We believe this puts FIX squarely in Midnight’s AAA framework as an adept, advantaged acquirer, and we look forward to watching it grow over the years to come. Thank you.

Speaker 1

Thanks, Ryan. I’m going to ask my question, but just 2 quick shout-outs. First, to Paulino Lopez, who invited me and the speakers up today. Paulino, wherever you are, thank you very much. He’s one of the smartest LPs in the business.

And just a quick shout-out to my daughter, my 15-year-old daughter, in the audience. Hopefully, in 20 years she’ll be pitching.

Ryan, I guess my question is, it sounds like a great business. But whenever I talk to friends of mine in the contracting business, the number one thing they complain about is labor—both the availability of it and the cost, and how hard to predict and variable it is. In some ways, they feel powerless to the availability and cost of labor. How do you think about how the cost and availability of labor factor into your thesis?

6. Labor Is The Moat

Ryan Packard

Sure. FIX has consistently grown its labor pool over the years. The management team thinks that they can grow it, call it, 6% a year going forward. If you look, they’ve effectively compiled the second-largest pool of skilled construction labor. At this point, it’s an institution.

I think that probably a lot of the friends you’re talking to are much smaller businesses that, frankly, are more cyclical in terms of the undulations of the underlying market. FIX, at this point, has a number of specialties, but it is particularly good at manufacturing facilities for semiconductors, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and AI data centers.

Those are things that the current administration seems extremely focused on, as are investors and the end users. FIX’s ability to draw talent into its business and retain that talent is one of its big competitive moes, if you will.

They walk you through some very interesting math about how quickly you can train an electrician or plumber. It usually takes about 5 years of apprenticeship for somebody to become a master electrician or plumber who can work on one of these bonded sites. So, when they make the investment in somebody, they bring them on full-time, and they tend to stick with them for quite a long time.

Fortunately, FIX is in the position where they don’t have a shortage of labor because they treat their people so well,

Ryan Packard 在 Sohn 2025 推介 Comfort Systems — 文字稿与摘要 | BidClub